Patrones de diversidad, estructura y stock de carbono en los bosques secos de Colombia: contribuciones para la restauración de estos ecosistemas

• Autor(a) principal: Jaimes Coronado, Angela Gioconda
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: spa
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: https://locus.ufv.br//handle/123456789/28743
• topic: Biodiversidade florestal; Microclimatologia florestal; Fitogeografia; Estrutura do solo; Solos - Efeito do carbono; Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas

The dry tropical forest (bs-T) is the most degraded ecosystem in Colombia, mainly due to the influence of anthropogenic factors. However, the decision to carry out an effective restoration in a highly degraded ecosystem depends on scientific knowledge of ecology. Furthermore, ecological studies of the relationships between behavior patterns provide information on the real state of biodiversity. Thus, the main objective of this research was to obtain relations of the patterns of diversity, structure and carbon stock in tree communities in the bs-T of Colombia, as a contribution to the functional restoration of these ecosystems. The research was divided into three chapters, the first described the geographic distribution and phytogeographic patterns of the fragments in Colombia's fs-T, the second evaluated the effects of the abiotic factor (climatological water deficit), taxonomic attributes (species composition and richness) and structural attributes (wood density and maximum tree diameter) on carbon stored in aerial biomass in Colombia's fs-T and the third analyzed the relationship between tree structure and wealth with carbon storage on the ground at Colombia's fs-T. A database was used that gathers information on the floristic composition in Colombia's bs-T, and global databases for the construction of a new database, with information on ecological patterns along a latitudinal gradient. Different statistical methods and types of models to test ecological relationships. This study showed phytogeographic distribution of the bs-T, described the floristic variability and identified the species of high ecological value in a given location. The phytogeographic results showed that there is a high floristic variation in the different taxa (family, genus and species), and of their abundance and richness at the local and regional level. The phytogeographic patterns observed in this study are fundamental to identify the priority sites for conservation and restoration of an ecosystem that has been strongly fragmented. Macroecological relationships were found where geographic distance and climatological water deficit influence differences in the richness and composition of tree species. The tree diameter (DBHmax) is the main predictor of the increase in carbon storage. In addition, we contribute to the knowledge of the functional relationships between diversity-biomass in the bs-T, where carbon was better represented in the sites with the highest species richness. Therefore, the variability of carbon depends on the structure of biodiversity and this in turn is determined by the state of conservation in which the secondary dry forests are found. Furthermore, only 1.05% of the species controlled more than half (50.12%) of the carbon storage in the dry forests of Colombia. Finally, we seek to contribute to the functional knowledge based on carbon storage in the dry forests of Colombia, so that restoration strategies are created more and more adapted to the needs of the ecosystem and that contribute to global efforts to mitigate climate change. Keywords: Diversity. Climate gradients. Phytogeographic. Structure Avobeground carbon stock.