Território, conhecimento local e uso do solo na comunidade quilombola de Malhada Grande Norte de Minas Gerais

• Autor(a) principal: Matuk, Fernanda Ayaviri
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5500
• topic: Etnopedologia; Território; Uso do solo; Ethnopedology; Territory; Land use; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

The environmental and scientific context has emphasized the importance of realizing interdisciplinary and ethnoscientific studies that offer an integrated analysis of reality. In this sense, the association of a regional approach to ethnopedology allows for a broad study about the use of the land, the local knowledge, and the local demands, resulting in an important tool, which should be explored, for working with rural communities. This study has investigated the local knowledge about soils and the use of land of a community member of Quilombo Gurutuba, located in Malhada Grande (Catuti - North MG) in order to understand the land use and occupation. The main objectives of this research were to relate local knowledge about soils and geoenvironment to scientific knowledge, to evaluate the agricultural potential of the collected soils and to relate it to the land use which is practiced, and to relate changes that have occurred in land use with changes in territoriality. The methodology consisted of a survey of historical land use and local knowledge about soils and environments, guided-tours, semi-structured interviews, as well as the collection of soil samples for description and chemical and physical analyses. Were also performed participatory mapping of geoenvironments and land use, evaluation and mapping of soils and agricultural potential, which was analyzed in relation to the land use, and, articulation between local knowledge (emicist) and scientific knowledge (ethicist). Local environmental stratification identified three macroenvironments, High, High (hill) and Low, which correspond, respectively, to the top, the hillside and the fluvial plain. These were subdivided into microenvironments, in other words, geoenvironments based in a local system of soil classification, which is based mainly on color, texture, and consistency. These environments were pedogeomorfologicaly interpreted yielding a edogeoambiental identification key, in which were identified the following classes: Altos com Terra vermelha/ Flattened tops with Oxisol and Argissol; Baixios do Alto com Barro branco duro/Top s depressions with Plinthosol; Furados com Barro branco mais duro/ Endoreic depression with Plinthosol and Planosol; Altas com Terra branca/Slopes with Neosol; Baixios da Alta com Barro branco/Slope s depressions with Plinthosol; Capões com Terra branca mais cultura/Sandy barrier with eutrophic Neosol; Vargens com Barro escuro duro/Partially flooded fluvial plain with Planosols and Plinthosol; Vazantes com Terra preta/Flooded fluvial plain with Plintossolo, Neosol and Gleysol. The analyzed soils were mostly normal except for the Oxisol and Neosol. Most soils were eutrophic. The geology consisting of clayish and sandy covers was reflected in the particle size fraction of soils. The climate, which provides lower chemical weathering, favors the retention of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the exchange complex, the presence of high activity clay, and high values of silt/clay ratio. The main elements that guide the land use and occupation were the seasonal climate, water supply, land, labor and distance of the geoenvironment in relation to home. The land use focuses on the hillside, where there are homegardens, annual crops, and pasture, once that water scarcity limits the use of land at the top as pasture and that floodplain can be used only in dry season. The main factors limiting the ability of agricultural lands were water scarcity and oxygen deficiency. Most soils showed suitability for grazing, and the Vazante Plinthosol was the only one with the ability to crop. Land use, in general, followed the criteria considered by the evaluation system of land suitability, but it was defined based on the supply of resources and the need to produce and obtain self-sufficiency. Local knowledge, which was obtained from the agricultural experience, appeared very large and it greatly matched scientific knowledge. It was concluded that the human pressure on the land is not due to lack of knowledge. It has been caused and enhanced mainly with the scarcity of land and the adoption of market-oriented activities. The restructuring of the community s territoriality was caused by expropriation of land, modernization, intensification of water scarcity, and degradation of soil and vegetation. The redefinition of the use and occupation of land was essential for the community s remaining in the territory.