Mecanismos alternativos de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos para assimilação de efluentes

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Moreira, Amanda Rodrigues
Data de Publicação: 2014
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3674
Resumo: Brazil has a privileged location concerning to water availability, in spite of that, geographical and temporal variability, the endangered quality of this resource and rise of demand have led to conflicts for its use. In this context, Law no 9.433, January 8 th 1997, also known as Law on Water , introduced charging practices on water use as a quantitative and qualitative management tool. In a regional scale, the Doce river Watershed Committee (CBH- Doce) has already implemented such tool in which the collection method for effluents discharge is based solely on the organic load parameter, quantified in terms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). The method is relatively insufficient concerning to the variety and composition of effluents, which might not be treating accurately the actual water volume that is impaired due to a variety of discharges. Therefore, the present study aimed to study and evaluate alternative mechanisms for charging water resources use for effluents assimilation, specifically seeking the introduction of new parameters, in addition to the BOD as calculation criteria; and evaluate the potential for collection taking Doce river watershed as a case study. In order to accomplish such objectives, literature review was developed for selecting parameters that characterize water quality of sewage and other effluents for predominant segment/sectors/activities of main users discharging into the watershed, which would more represent the endangered water quality to apply the proposed alternatives and through revisions of other water resources management systems, nationally and internationally. Proposals to charge for the water resources related to effluents assimilation. In order to analyze the collection potential of these new proposals in the given watershed, a collection simulation of the amount to be charged for the sanitary sector was developed. The current scenario was taken into consideration users of the years 2011/2012 in addition to the evaluation of 3 scenarios in which were simulated the effects of the adoption of different degrees of sanitary waste treatment in the washbasin. For that, launched flow data base, besides treated flow were used, which contributed for estimating current treatments in the watershed. Additionally, data regarding enterprises and users currently in charge (answered the charge in 2011 and 2012), besides literature data regarding to the characteristics of sanitary sewage and major pollutants efficiencies of typical removal of interests in sanitary sewage of system chosen. After analysis were made, it was decided that the parameters which were to be applied in the proposed alternatives would be Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH 3+ -N) and Total Phosphorus (P T ), besides inorganic compounds and bio recalcitrants according to typology of the enterprise. Two proposals have arisen: the Limiting Population Equivalent (LPE), which is based on the theoretical value of pollution generated by one habitant; and the Impaired Volume (IV), which is based on the dilution principle, in other words, number of cubic meters of water needed to assimilate a given pollutant load. Proceeding with the simulations, there was an increase of 64% in the value collected for the LPE proposal and an increase of almost 6 times for the IV one. In case treatment systems are implemented in the watershed, a decrease of approximately 17% in the total amount to be paid was observed in the simulations. In addition, for 100% sewage treatment simulation through a UASB reactor followed polishing ponds. In case 50% of the sewage was treated in UASB system followed by trickling filters, this reduction would be smaller, approximately 3%. In conclusion, alternative mechanisms would comprehend widely the real issue of water quality of Doce river watershed, once it also accounts other variables than BOD. Both proposals present great versatility that enables them to be applied in any watershed, being chosen most relevant parameters in relation to the water quality of the locality. In general, the Limiting Population Equivalent was considered easier to apply and more comprehensive.
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spelling Moreira, Amanda Rodrigueshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3509155252073382Matos, Antonio Teixeira dehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783529H2Silva, Demetrius David dahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4786123E5Borges, Alisson Carrarohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4706302U9Pruski, Fernando Falcohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727304E8Lemos, Carlos Fernandohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4799678H02015-03-26T13:23:59Z2015-02-112015-03-26T13:23:59Z2014-02-17MOREIRA, Amanda Rodrigues. Alternative mechanisms for charging use of water resources in effluents assimilation. 2014. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2014.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3674Brazil has a privileged location concerning to water availability, in spite of that, geographical and temporal variability, the endangered quality of this resource and rise of demand have led to conflicts for its use. In this context, Law no 9.433, January 8 th 1997, also known as Law on Water , introduced charging practices on water use as a quantitative and qualitative management tool. In a regional scale, the Doce river Watershed Committee (CBH- Doce) has already implemented such tool in which the collection method for effluents discharge is based solely on the organic load parameter, quantified in terms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). The method is relatively insufficient concerning to the variety and composition of effluents, which might not be treating accurately the actual water volume that is impaired due to a variety of discharges. Therefore, the present study aimed to study and evaluate alternative mechanisms for charging water resources use for effluents assimilation, specifically seeking the introduction of new parameters, in addition to the BOD as calculation criteria; and evaluate the potential for collection taking Doce river watershed as a case study. In order to accomplish such objectives, literature review was developed for selecting parameters that characterize water quality of sewage and other effluents for predominant segment/sectors/activities of main users discharging into the watershed, which would more represent the endangered water quality to apply the proposed alternatives and through revisions of other water resources management systems, nationally and internationally. Proposals to charge for the water resources related to effluents assimilation. In order to analyze the collection potential of these new proposals in the given watershed, a collection simulation of the amount to be charged for the sanitary sector was developed. The current scenario was taken into consideration users of the years 2011/2012 in addition to the evaluation of 3 scenarios in which were simulated the effects of the adoption of different degrees of sanitary waste treatment in the washbasin. For that, launched flow data base, besides treated flow were used, which contributed for estimating current treatments in the watershed. Additionally, data regarding enterprises and users currently in charge (answered the charge in 2011 and 2012), besides literature data regarding to the characteristics of sanitary sewage and major pollutants efficiencies of typical removal of interests in sanitary sewage of system chosen. After analysis were made, it was decided that the parameters which were to be applied in the proposed alternatives would be Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH 3+ -N) and Total Phosphorus (P T ), besides inorganic compounds and bio recalcitrants according to typology of the enterprise. Two proposals have arisen: the Limiting Population Equivalent (LPE), which is based on the theoretical value of pollution generated by one habitant; and the Impaired Volume (IV), which is based on the dilution principle, in other words, number of cubic meters of water needed to assimilate a given pollutant load. Proceeding with the simulations, there was an increase of 64% in the value collected for the LPE proposal and an increase of almost 6 times for the IV one. In case treatment systems are implemented in the watershed, a decrease of approximately 17% in the total amount to be paid was observed in the simulations. In addition, for 100% sewage treatment simulation through a UASB reactor followed polishing ponds. In case 50% of the sewage was treated in UASB system followed by trickling filters, this reduction would be smaller, approximately 3%. In conclusion, alternative mechanisms would comprehend widely the real issue of water quality of Doce river watershed, once it also accounts other variables than BOD. Both proposals present great versatility that enables them to be applied in any watershed, being chosen most relevant parameters in relation to the water quality of the locality. In general, the Limiting Population Equivalent was considered easier to apply and more comprehensive.O Brasil apresenta situação privilegiada no que tange ao quesito disponibilidade de água. Porém, a variação geográfica e temporal, o comprometimento da qualidade e do crescimento da demanda deste bem, tem acarretado conflitos pelo seu uso. Neste contexto, a Lei n° 9.433, de 8 de janeiro de 1997, também conhecida como Lei das Águas , veio introduzir no país, como um instrumento de gestão, a cobrança pelo uso, não apenas quantitativo, como também qualitativo da água. Em âmbito regional, o Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Doce (CBH-Doce) já implantou tal instrumento; estando a cobrança pela assimilação de efluentes baseada apenas no cálculo da carga orgânica emitida, quantificada em termos da Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO). Trata-se de um método pouco abrangente no que se diz respeito à variedade e composição dos efluentes, podendo não estar retratando com fidelidade o volume de água comprometido pelas diversas atividades. No presente trabalho objetivou-se propor mecanismos alternativos de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos no que se refere à assimilação de efluentes, procurando-se a inserção de novos parâmetros, além da DBO, como critério de cálculo; e avaliar o potencial de arrecadação tomando-se como estudo de caso a bacia hidrográfica do rio Doce. Para cumprir tal objetivo, procurou-se selecionar, por meio do levantamento de dados de literatura, os parâmetros característicos de qualidade de água das emissões de esgotos sanitários e demais efluentes para os diferentes segmentos/setores/atividades de usuários predominantes na bacia, que sejam mais representativos da situação do comprometimento da qualidade das águas da bacia para serem aplicados às metodologias alternativas propostas; e, por meio de revisões da experiência de outros sistemas de gestão dos recursos hídricos, nacionais e internacionais, propôs-se mecanismos alternativos de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos relacionado à assimilação de efluentes. Para analisar o potencial de arrecadação dos mecanismos alternativos para a bacia procedeu-se a simulação sobre o montante a ser arrecadado, referente ao setor do saneamento; considerando o cenário atual contribuintes do período de 2011/2012 além da avaliação de 3 cenários, nos quais foram simulados os efeitos da adoção de diferentes graus de tratamento de esgotos sanitários na bacia. Utilizou-se, para isso, os dados de vazões lançadas, além das vazões tratadas, que auxiliaram na estimativa dos tratamentos existentes atualmente na bacia, da base de dados dos empreendimentos e usuários atualmente em cobrança (atenderam a cobrança em 2011/2012), além dos dados de literatura a respeito das características dos esgotos sanitários e eficiências típicas de remoção dos principais poluentes de interesse nos esgotos sanitários dos sistemas de tratamento escolhidos. Depois de efetuadas as análises, decidiu-se que os parâmetros a serem aplicados nas propostas alternativas seriam a Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO), Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO), Sólidos Suspensos Totais (SST), Nitrogênio Amoniacal (N amoniacal ) e Fósforo Total (P total ), além de compostos inorgânicos e biorrecalcitrantes, dependendo da tipologia do empreendimento. Foram duas as propostas geradas: o Equivalente Populacional Limitante (EPL), que se baseia no princípio da poluição teoricamente gerada por um habitante; e o Volume Comprometido (VC), que parte do princípio da diluição, ou seja, quantos metros cúbicos de água são necessários para assimilação de determinada carga poluente. Procedendo as simulações, observou-se um aumento do montante arrecadado de 64% para a proposta do EPL e de quase seis vezes para a VC, um valor exorbitante para a realidade do setor usuário. Caso adotados os sistemas de tratamento, verificou-se, nas simulações, um decréscimo de aproximadamente 17% no montante a ser pago considerando que 100% do esgoto fosse tratado em sistema primário convencional e a mesma porcentagem de redução caso 50% do esgoto fosse tratado em sistema de reator UASB seguido de lagoas de polimento. Caso 50% do esgoto fosse tratado em sistema UASB seguido de filtro biológico percolador, esta redução seria menor, próxima de 3%. Conclui-se, então, que os mecanismos alternativos contemplariam, de forma mais ampla, o real problema da qualidade das águas na bacia do Doce, por considerarem outros parâmetros além da DBO. Ambas as propostas apresentaram grande versatilidade, podendo ser postas em prática em qualquer bacia, sendo escolhidos os parâmetros mais relevantes em relação à qualidade local das águas. De maneira geral, a proposta do Equivalente Populacional Limitante foi considerada a de mais fácil aplicação e entendimento.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMestrado em Engenharia AgrícolaUFVBRConstruções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produRecursos hídricosMecanismo de cobrançaEquivalente populacionalWater resourcesCharging mechanismPopulation equivalentCNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::RECURSOS HIDRICOSMecanismos alternativos de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos para assimilação de efluentesAlternative mechanisms for charging use of water resources in effluents assimilationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf561036https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/3674/1/texto%20completo.pdfd1fcff2eb17c52c6d21d18a740c92505MD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain139947https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/3674/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txt4fdc73e9f7728bf537816f7580b810cbMD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3661https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/3674/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpge241df525fb742eee1905f4063e2ffbcMD53123456789/36742016-04-09 23:12:10.614oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/3674Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452016-04-10T02:12:10LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Mecanismos alternativos de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos para assimilação de efluentes
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Alternative mechanisms for charging use of water resources in effluents assimilation
title Mecanismos alternativos de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos para assimilação de efluentes
spellingShingle Mecanismos alternativos de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos para assimilação de efluentes
Moreira, Amanda Rodrigues
Recursos hídricos
Mecanismo de cobrança
Equivalente populacional
Water resources
Charging mechanism
Population equivalent
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::RECURSOS HIDRICOS
title_short Mecanismos alternativos de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos para assimilação de efluentes
title_full Mecanismos alternativos de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos para assimilação de efluentes
title_fullStr Mecanismos alternativos de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos para assimilação de efluentes
title_full_unstemmed Mecanismos alternativos de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos para assimilação de efluentes
title_sort Mecanismos alternativos de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos para assimilação de efluentes
author Moreira, Amanda Rodrigues
author_facet Moreira, Amanda Rodrigues
author_role author
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/3509155252073382
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Moreira, Amanda Rodrigues
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Matos, Antonio Teixeira de
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783529H2
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv Silva, Demetrius David da
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4786123E5
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Borges, Alisson Carraro
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4706302U9
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv Pruski, Fernando Falco
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727304E8
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv Lemos, Carlos Fernando
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4799678H0
contributor_str_mv Matos, Antonio Teixeira de
Silva, Demetrius David da
Borges, Alisson Carraro
Pruski, Fernando Falco
Lemos, Carlos Fernando
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Recursos hídricos
Mecanismo de cobrança
Equivalente populacional
topic Recursos hídricos
Mecanismo de cobrança
Equivalente populacional
Water resources
Charging mechanism
Population equivalent
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::RECURSOS HIDRICOS
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Water resources
Charging mechanism
Population equivalent
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::RECURSOS HIDRICOS
description Brazil has a privileged location concerning to water availability, in spite of that, geographical and temporal variability, the endangered quality of this resource and rise of demand have led to conflicts for its use. In this context, Law no 9.433, January 8 th 1997, also known as Law on Water , introduced charging practices on water use as a quantitative and qualitative management tool. In a regional scale, the Doce river Watershed Committee (CBH- Doce) has already implemented such tool in which the collection method for effluents discharge is based solely on the organic load parameter, quantified in terms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). The method is relatively insufficient concerning to the variety and composition of effluents, which might not be treating accurately the actual water volume that is impaired due to a variety of discharges. Therefore, the present study aimed to study and evaluate alternative mechanisms for charging water resources use for effluents assimilation, specifically seeking the introduction of new parameters, in addition to the BOD as calculation criteria; and evaluate the potential for collection taking Doce river watershed as a case study. In order to accomplish such objectives, literature review was developed for selecting parameters that characterize water quality of sewage and other effluents for predominant segment/sectors/activities of main users discharging into the watershed, which would more represent the endangered water quality to apply the proposed alternatives and through revisions of other water resources management systems, nationally and internationally. Proposals to charge for the water resources related to effluents assimilation. In order to analyze the collection potential of these new proposals in the given watershed, a collection simulation of the amount to be charged for the sanitary sector was developed. The current scenario was taken into consideration users of the years 2011/2012 in addition to the evaluation of 3 scenarios in which were simulated the effects of the adoption of different degrees of sanitary waste treatment in the washbasin. For that, launched flow data base, besides treated flow were used, which contributed for estimating current treatments in the watershed. Additionally, data regarding enterprises and users currently in charge (answered the charge in 2011 and 2012), besides literature data regarding to the characteristics of sanitary sewage and major pollutants efficiencies of typical removal of interests in sanitary sewage of system chosen. After analysis were made, it was decided that the parameters which were to be applied in the proposed alternatives would be Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH 3+ -N) and Total Phosphorus (P T ), besides inorganic compounds and bio recalcitrants according to typology of the enterprise. Two proposals have arisen: the Limiting Population Equivalent (LPE), which is based on the theoretical value of pollution generated by one habitant; and the Impaired Volume (IV), which is based on the dilution principle, in other words, number of cubic meters of water needed to assimilate a given pollutant load. Proceeding with the simulations, there was an increase of 64% in the value collected for the LPE proposal and an increase of almost 6 times for the IV one. In case treatment systems are implemented in the watershed, a decrease of approximately 17% in the total amount to be paid was observed in the simulations. In addition, for 100% sewage treatment simulation through a UASB reactor followed polishing ponds. In case 50% of the sewage was treated in UASB system followed by trickling filters, this reduction would be smaller, approximately 3%. In conclusion, alternative mechanisms would comprehend widely the real issue of water quality of Doce river watershed, once it also accounts other variables than BOD. Both proposals present great versatility that enables them to be applied in any watershed, being chosen most relevant parameters in relation to the water quality of the locality. In general, the Limiting Population Equivalent was considered easier to apply and more comprehensive.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2014-02-17
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2015-03-26T13:23:59Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2015-02-11
2015-03-26T13:23:59Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv MOREIRA, Amanda Rodrigues. Alternative mechanisms for charging use of water resources in effluents assimilation. 2014. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2014.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3674
identifier_str_mv MOREIRA, Amanda Rodrigues. Alternative mechanisms for charging use of water resources in effluents assimilation. 2014. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2014.
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