Análise de cenários de extração de óleo vegetal para produção de biodiesel na região do Norte de Minas Gerais

• Autor(a) principal: Sartori, Marco Antônio
• Data de Publicação: 2007
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2952
• topic: Óleo vegetal; Avaliação técnico-econômica; Biodiesel; Mamona; Vegetal oil; Tecnical-economic evaluation; Biofuel; Castor bean; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS::TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS

The Brazilian initiative to producing biodiesel from vegetal oils introduces into Brazilian energetic conjunct an alternative energy source, that has been insufficiently explored in spite of been a substitute for petroleum derivatives. However, looking for inserting the family agriculture into productive biodiesel chain, the Federal Government emitted the Selo Combustível Social as a conjunct of specific measures in order to stimulating social inclusion of the family agriculture by generating employments and income in the field. So, the discussions on raw materials for Brazilian biodiesel production have been prioritizing the oleaginous plants that would generate more employment for the family agriculture, besides including those regions that remain at the margin of the economical development process. In this context, the studies providing reliable data for evaluation of the viability to implanting the vegetal oil extracting units are very important, considering that this viability depends from several variables, such as: locational factors, initial investment, both maintenance and operational costs, sale volumes, economy of scale, quality and easiness to obtaining the raw materials, and the actual legislation norms. This study presents an economical analysis on three different production scales of the vegetal oil from the castor bean explored by the family agriculture in the semi-arid region (Minas Gerais State). Taking into account the social importance of this enterprise and the need for a proposal presenting higher viability for the small producers of castor-oil plant, three model suggestions were evaluated. The construction of the models were performed, by considering the demand required by a biodiesel production unit pertaining to Petrobrás, that will be set up in Montes Claros county-MG and will daily demand a total of 50 thousand liters of vegetable oil, when operating at its maximum capacity. The study began by choosing the small-sized technologies for the extraction of vegetal oil, that would be appropriate to family agriculture. Following, the suppliers are chosen, the technical coefficients of the process are defined, the involved production costs are detailed. Then, economical viability indicators are analyzed by the Biosoft program (Decision supporting system for implantation of the biofuel production units). For studying the processing scales, the evaluation of the sceneries is considered by using three models, which take into account the technologies for both pressing and solvent extractions. Models 1 and 2 were developed, by searching the decentralization of the mechanical extraction units with the utilization of some small press spread in the castor-oil plant producing region. The Model 3, however, involved one centralized unit for solvent extraction. When analyzing, the profit performance and labor need were given priority and all models showed financial-economical viability, although provided with different values for investments and indicators. Based on the results, it is verified the solvent-extracting unit (Model 3) shows more satisfactory economical indexes and lower unit cost of production. Due to centralization of the operational activities, however, it requires higher concentration of both productive and financial resources, which makes difficult the obtainment of financing and activity management.