A inserção brasileira no mercado internacional de produtos lácteos: evolução e perspectivas

• Autor(a) principal: Pereira, Pollyanna Cardoso
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/405
• topic: Laticínios; Exportação; Competitividade; Dairy products; Exports; Competitivity; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS::TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS

Throughout the last decades, the agro-industrial milk chain has been considered one of the most representative in the Brazilian agribusiness. The process of economic opening started in the 1990 s exposed the Brazilian dairy industry to the international competition. From then on the productive restructuration process was started, willing to stimulate the modernization and competitiveness. The national dairy production reached an expansion of 85,4% from 1990 to 2007, which is allowing the country to leave the previous position of traditional importer of milk and dairy products, for the position of exporter of dairy products. The surplus milk has become a reality in the Brazilian market, and as it has not developed the marketing channel, the industry finds difficulties in the disposal of the surplus products. The first consequences can already be noticed, compromising the development reached in the last decade and showing signs of a possible slowdown in the production. Another relevant point in this context is the peculiarity of the world trade in dairy, considered concentrated and marked by the high trade barriers, which make it even more restricted, especially in developing countries. Brazil has been considered as a potential major supplier of milk and dairy products to the international market in the next years and many answers are being demanded from the researches, for the following kind of question: is the export marketing a viable solution for the disposal of surplus milk? Considering the importance of the agro-industrial dairy chain in the Brazilian economics, this work aimed on tracing the Picture of the Brazilian dairy industry and also the worldwide industry, as internal and external factors influence the competitiveness of Brazilian exports. Subsequently, the behavior of dairy export products from Brazil in comparison to their major competitors was analyzed, in the period from 1996 to 2007, presenting the evolution in the export trades, trying to understand if the increase on the dairy products exports means (or does not mean) a higher competitiveness and to what performance effects this competitiveness is related. For this analysis the adopted methodology was the constant market share (CMS) model and the revealed comparative advantage method (CAM). After that, tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers which affect dairy products were characterized, as they end up being the major mechanism of restriction to the international trade market. This analysis evaluated the trade notifications, by product and source market, and the major trade barriers imposed to the dairy products belonging to the Brazilian exporting list, using the coefficients of frequency and coverage. The following analysis checked if the foreign trade in the dairy industry companies through the exports is an attractive alternative for the disposal of the expected surplus milk, identifying the tendencies and perspectives for the industry in the next five years. This work addressed 14 companies which produce and export dairy products in Brazil, being responsible for more than 85% of the Brazilian exports of such products. The results show that the growth on production and productivity in the Brazilian regions of Mid- west and South were followed by a higher level of investments on the construction of new industrial units in these regions. Worldwide, the poles of milk production are concentrated in Asia, Oceania and South America. The evaluation on the industry performance in the foreign trade, with constant market share analysis, identified that the competitiveness was crucial to the expansion of Brazilian exports of dairy products. According to the result, there was an increase on the competition among Brazil and its major competitors, the Brazilian products were designated to markets with more dynamism, and the increase of the Brazilian participation in the world trade was provided by the increased competitiveness. This can be explained by multiple factors, such as the new production technologies, the improvement in the milk quality, the modernization and construction of new industrial units, among others. The analysis on the notifications issued by the markets revealed that the majority of non-tariff barriers imposed on Brazilian exports of dairy products are technical and sanitary and that the United States and Japan were the main notifiers. The tariff and non- tariff barriers reduce the value of Brazilian exported dairy products and focus mainly on products with higher added value. Evaluating the trends and expectations of the Brazilian dairy industry by the producing and exporting companies, it was found out that exporting is a promising marketing alternative, expecting to expand by 40% in the next two years. However, to achieve the projected growth and a greater integration and competitiveness in the international market, the industry will have to develop consistent policies to encourage rural producers and investment policies to meet the demands of the international market.