Sistema forno-fornalha para produção de carvão vegetal

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Aylson Costa
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3099
• topic: Produção de metano; Degradação térmica da madeira; Sensor infra-vermelho; Methane production; Thermal degradation of wood; Infrared sensor; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::TECNOLOGIA E UTILIZACAO DE PRODUTOS FLORESTAIS

The quality of charcoal depends on the wood and technology conversion. Although several studies were developed seeking to improve the quality of wood, much of the Brazilian production of charcoal still occurs in kilns with low yield and and emissions, polluting the environment. In order to change this scenario, the objective of this study was to evaluate the functioning of a kiln-furnace system with low emission of pollutants and maximization of charcoal yield. Three kilns were built, attached to a furnace for burning the gases generated during the carbonization. The capacity of each oven was 9m³. Subsequently, four carbonizations were performed using Eucalyptus wood. The charcoal yields , quality of charcoal and furnace efficiency were determined. The control of the carbonization is performed by measuring the temperature inside the kiln, with the aid of an infrared temperature sensor. The average production of charcoal was 33% in the kiln-furnace system, higher than usually found for the main kilns used in the conversion of wood into charcoal. The yields of semi-carbonized wood were less than 8%. Charcoal presented fixed carbon content exceeding 80%, calorific power equal 8000 kcal.kg-1 and had low sensitivity of generation of fines (particle size less than 12.7 mm) during its handling, suitable characteristics for industrial and domestic uses. Furnace was effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, working for a third of carbonization. It follows that the evaluated kiln-furnace system presented easy construction, low cost, and a high charcoal yield with good indicators of quality, which may be diffused among the producers of charcoal.