Uso de salinomicina, virginiamicina, levedura viva e uréia de liberação lenta para vacas leiteiras

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Isis Scatolin de
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1832
• topic: Carboidrato; Proteína; Suplementação; Carbohydrate; Protein; Supplementation; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL

Two experiments with addition of additives for dairy cows was carried. In experiment 1, we evaluated the inclusion of virginiamycin and salinomycin and their combination in diets for lactating dairy cows kept on pasture of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania and supplemented with corn silage and concentrate on productive and physiological responses. We used 12 lactating dairy cows (Holstein-Zebu) multiparous, with potential for milk production 15kg/dia, with approximately 90 days of lactation distributed in three Latin squares (QL) 4x4, according to milk production. Being QL 1 with cows cannulated in the rumen to evaluate ruminal parameters. Consisted of four experimental periods, lasting 21 days each. Consumption was estimated by the equation to calculate the dry matter intake by the NRC. The animals were kept in pastures of Panicum maximum, cv.Tanzânia and supplemented with 50% in the trough of the estimation of dry matter intake, corn silage and concentrate, and for animals up to 10 kg of milk supplied animal.day-1 to 2.0 kg of concentrated animal.day-1 and 1.0 kg of concentrate for each 2.5 kg of milk animal.day-1 above 10 kg. The treatments were: (RC) control: diet no additives; (RS) diet salinomycin; (RV) diet virginiamycin and (RSV) diet virginiamycin and salinomycin combined. The addition of virginiamycin and salinomycin supplied isolated, reduced (P<0.05) the total dry matter intake and nutrient (CP, NDF, NFC and NDT) compared with the control diet or the combination of both additives. The reduction in the ingestion of pasture with the addition of virginiamycin and salinomycin in isolation was responsible for the reduction in total ingestion, as ingestion has not changed in the trough. The digestibility of dry matter and crude protein were not affected by additives. The addition of salinomycin and / or virginiamycin not affected (P>0.05) nor the production and milk composition. Better feed efficiency of diets with added virginiamycin and salinomycin in isolation was observed. The nitrogen and energy balance were positive, confirming the positive weight variation of animals, especially in diets with salinomycin and virginiamycin. The urea nitrogen in milk, blood and ruminal ammonia nitrogen were not affected (P> 0.05) by addition of virginiamycin and salinomycin. The ingestive behavior of dairy cows has not changed between experimental, even with a reduction in consumption with the addition of virginiamycin and salinomycin in isolation. The addition of virginiamycin and salinomycin, in isolation improved feed efficiency of the diet, reducing the dry matter intake, no change in milk production and energy balance and nitrogen balance maintaining positive. The second experiment aimed to evaluate the inclusion or not of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in diets based on silage cane sugar and with partial or total replacement of soybean meal by slow release urea on productive responses, physiological and ruminal of lactating dairy cows of high and medium potential productive and non-lactating dairy cows. Consisting of five experimental periods, lasting 17 days each. We used 15 dairy cows Holstein / Gir, distributed in three 5X5 Latin square, according to animal category. The silage cane sugar was used roughage diets at the rate of 50% based on the dry matter. Treatments were applied to animals: control: a base of soybean meal; 50%- ULL-: 50% replacement of soybean meal by urea slow release; 100% ULL-: Replacement of 100% soybean meal by urea slow release; yeast -50% ULL: 50% replacement of soybean meal by urea slow release, and yeast-100% ULL: 100% replacement of soybean meal by urea slow release. The ingestion of dry matter and nutrients was higher (P <0.05) in lactating cows receiving the control diet compared to the other and fed diets with partial replacement compared those who received total replacement of soybean meal by ULL. In non-lactating cows, consumption was not altered by the experimental diets. The digestibility of dry matter were lower in lactating cows receiving the control diet over the other, and in 50% ULL over the 100%. ULL. Have not lactating cows diets with 50% ULL had higher digestibility. Cows fed the control diet had higher milk yield than the others. Increased milk production in diets with partial replacement was observed for those fed diets with 100% replacement. The fat was not altered by the replacement of soybean meal and not by yeast. Cows received the diet containing 50% ULL showed greater% of milk protein than those receiving 100% ULL. The control diet showed a tendency to a better energy balance (EB) than the others in lactating cows, and was only presented positive EB. In non-lactating cows, diets with 100% ULL had the worst EB, but all diets showed EB, body weight gain and changes in body score positives, and the body weight gain was higher in cows fed the control diet. Already in lactating cows, the body weight gain was negative in all diets, and changes in body score was positive only in the control diet, showing that cows lost weight. In lactating cows, urea nitrogen (UN) in milk and urine were not altered. Cows with high yield potential in control diet had lower blood UN in medium potential cows, there were no differences among the experimental diets. In non-lactating cows, the UUN and BUN were similar among diets. In lactating cows, silage diets with cane sugar with high levels of NPN did not meet the nutritional requirements because reduced consumption, leading to an negative energy balance and nitrogen balance, providing weight loss and reduction in milk production, being that the total replacement of soybean meal, further reduced the consumption and production. In non-lactating cows, silage cane sugar with high levels of NPN provided good consumption, and weight gain, however the total replacement of soybean meal by ULL reduced the energy balance, and the control diet showed increase in efficiency food and weight gain.