Constituição química de exsudações, anatomia, morfometria e quantificação de orifícios escarificados em Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina por grupos de híbridos de Callithrix spp. (Mammalia, Primates) em fragmentos urbanos de Mata Atlântica

• Autor(a) principal: Francisco, Talitha Mayumi
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2268
• topic: Exsudatos; Angico-vermelho; Saguis híbridos; Exudates; Angico-vermelho; Hybrid marmosets; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

Species of the genus Callithrix have varied diet, mainly feeding of exudates of plants. The exploitation of this food resource occurs through holes made in the bark of trees with specialized dentition of marmosets that reaches the gum ducts of plant tissues responsible for secretion. However, little is known about how to use this food resource. The species of genus Anadenanthera are often used by Callithrix to obtain secretion as a food resource. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of exudate, anatomy and histochemical of secretory ducts bark Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina (angico- vermelho), still characterizing morphology and quantification of scarified holes in search of answers about distant or proximal pressures that may be influencing the exudativoria of marmosets. The study was conducted by angico-vermelho used for obtaining gums for five groups of hybrid marmosets C. penicillata x C. jacchus (Jacpen) and C. penicillata x C. geoffroyi (Geopen) present in urban forest fragments in Viçosa, MG. Samples of gum and bark of angico-vermelho, not injured and injured by marmosets, were subjected to the usual techniques of plant anatomy for obtaining permanent slide and histochemical tests and determination of constitution of the gum. It was observed the formation of ducts in response to traumatic injuries together with secretory ducts naturally occurring in the bark. In histochemical tests, the secretion reacted positively to total polysaccharides, pectins, mucilages, and proteins. Chemical analysis determined 41% water, 11% soluble carbohydrates, 27.2% insoluble carbohydrates, 19% protein, in addition to minerals, especially a high concentration of calcium. This constitution gum suggests that marmosets can benefit from ingestion of carbohydrates with immediate and slow metabolism and a protein diet. In 39 invidious angico-vermelho counted 8.765 holes, with 11% in the trunk and 89% in the canopy. The external canopy is the preferred area of use for the exploitation of gums, suggesting marmosets prefers thinner branches for acquisition of exudates However, a moderate correlation was observed between the low intensity of exploitation with DBH and height. The exploitation of gum trees with DBH seems to follow a different cycle. The holes active did not show a standard morphometric per tree, and did not provide a standard for the five groups of marmosets studied. It was found that the holes made by Geopen groups have areas substantially greater than the holes made by Jacpen groups, these variations may be linked to a genetic origin among the hybrids studied. The thickness of branches of the canopy was the variable that explained a pattern of exploitation of exudates by marmosets. In this study, we can highlight the importance of Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina species as a supplier of food resource for hybrid marmosets (Callithrix spp.) suggesting apical preference exploitation, where the thickness, location and age of the branches were the main features of this area of the tree involved in the acquisition of this resource. It was shown also that the gum A. peregrina is an important food resource for marmosets' diet in this study. Learning and hereditary factors of marmosets appear to be very influential to set the size of holes explored.