Efeitos de dietas dissociadas em carboidratos e proteínas sobre a composição corporal, o metabolismo energético e o comportamento alimentar em homens com excesso de peso

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Fernanda Cristina Esteves de
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2740
• topic: Dietas associadas; Metabolismo energético; Composição corporal; Dissociated diets; Energy metabolism; Body composition; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO

The current treatments for obesity have been failing to maintain the weight loss, demonstrating the urgency in finding other better options for managing correctly this metabolic syndrome in long-term. The knowledge of energy metabolism, the effect of nutrients and circadian rhythm in obesity is essential to understand its etiology and to determine elements of the diet that contributes more effectively in the promotion and maintenance of weight loss. In this sense, the dissociated diet is based on not consume carbohydrates and proteins in the same meal, in order to promote greater metabolic efficiency. Considering that, the purpose of this study was to compare diets which have a dissociation on carbohydrates and proteins in different meals (lunch and dinner) and its effects on body weight, body composition, energy metabolism, food intake, and some biochemical parameters related to those process. Eighteen overweight men were randomized into three different diet groups: control group (GCT=6), protein group (GPT=7) and carbohydrate group (GCT=5). The percentage of calories derived from lipids, proteins and carbohydrates was 28%, 21,74% e 50,26% (GCT); 28,20%, 22,60% e 49,20% (GPT e GCH). The amount of protein was about 1,3g/kg of body weight in the diets tested was approximately 1,3 and 29,4, respectively. Meetings were held fortnightly to monitor the progress and adherence to the diets during the experimental period. At the end of 8 weeks, it was found that the participants of GCT, GPT e GCH lost about 4,70%, 4,65% e 6,50% of their baseline weight, respectively. There was no statistic difference between groups considering most of those parameters analyzed during the intervention, yet, in GCH group it was observed better reductions as well as a smaller loss of fat free mass and a smaller reduction in REE. There were no significant changes on nocturnal DIT after the intervention. Although the values obtained for AUC of DIT measured during four hours after lunch were greater for GCH than GPT and GCT, but no significant difference. However, the AUC values of DIT measured for four hours after dinner were greater for GPT than GCT and GCH. There was no significant difference in the volume of VO2 and VCO2 over 4 hours, between groups, both after lunch and dinner. There was a significant difference on RQ during a four hours postprandial period after lunch between GPT-GCH and GCT-GCH, which higher values for GPT and lower values for GCH. Yet, at dinner this difference between the same groups was observed only in 240 minutes. The difference on RQ which was maintained for longer time, after dinner, being lower for GPT and higher for GCT, occurred at 60, 120, 180 minutes. The REE after lunch and dinner did not differed significantly between groups in any of those measurement points. Subjective sensations of appetite did not differed statistically in all of those evaluated points (after lunch and dinner) for any group. However, it was observed an important decrease of hungry, increase satiation and reduce desire to prospective food after dinner as well as an increase of satiety and decrease of prospective consumption after lunch in GPT when baseline were compared with final period. The opposite were observed in GCH increase in hunger and desire to prospective food and decrease of satiety after dinner. An increase on hungry after lunch and a reduction of satiety after dinner occurred in GCT. In addition to weight loss for those 3 groups of participants were overweight, all diets showed beneficial metabolic effects, such as changes in body composition, reduction of risks for cardiovascular diseases, like waist circumference and plasmatic levels of triglycerides and uric acid. Moreover, the nocturnal protein intake seems to have a greater effect on DIT and energy expenditure during the whole day, which consequently contributed to modify the eating behavior.