Avaliação da incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico, em cães e gatos operados no hospital veterinário da UFV, associada a fatores de risco, bactérias isoladas e perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos

• Autor(a) principal: Corsini, Camila Maria Mantovani
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5105
• topic: Infecção do sítio cirúrgico; Bactérias isoladas; Antimicrobiano; Cães; Gatos; Surgical site infection; Isolated bacteria; Antimicrobial; Dogs; Cats; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA::MEDICINA VETERINARIA PREVENTIVA::DOENCAS PARASITARIAS DE ANIMAIS

The present study aimed to determine the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) in small animals surgery department at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV-VH) and associate this incidence to the following risk factors: surgery wound classification according to their potential contamination, antimicrobial prophylaxis, antimicrobial therapy and number of people present in the operating room during the procedure. For this, the residents were previously trained to standardize the diagnosis of SSI, as well as obtaining the data mentioned above. Animals from the surgical routine of the UFV-VH were included in the study, without changing it, from August 2, 2010 to July 01, 2011. During this period 401 animals were included, with 21 of them presenting ISC, determining an infection rate of 5.24%. After statistical analysis, an association was found between the incidence of SSI and a group of surgeries characterized by presenting contamination risk higher than 5%, which were the potentially contaminated, contaminated and infected surgeries, combined into a single group. Other risk factors evaluated showed no association with SSI, however, on the amount of people present in the surgery room, in absolute values, an SSI rate of 2.84 times higher was detected for surgeries in which the operating room had more than four people. Additionally, we aimed at using the same sample in the same period, to identify bacteria on the surgical wounds diagnosed with SSI in the UFV-VH, and trace its antimicrobial resistance profile. Thus, samples were collected from the 21 patients diagnosed with ISC, which were initially processed to obtain pure cultures. These 21 samples resulted in 61 isolates, which underwent biochemical tests for phenotypic characterization and subsequently by conventional PCR for their genotypic characterization. It was also determined the minimum inhibitory concentration for the most frequently antimicrobials used in the UFV-VH used as follows: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, tetracycline, ampicillin and oxacillin for Gram-positive and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, ampicillin and enrofloxacin for Gram negative. It was verified the occurrence of 12 genera of bacteria on the surgical wounds diagnosed with SSI in the UFV-VH, and 63,93% were characterized as Gram-negative and that among these, the genus Escherichia presented with greater frequency. Among the Gram-positive bacteria (36,07%) the genera Staphylococcus has been found in larger quantities. In this genus, resistance to oxacilin was determined in 76,47% of the samples and positive results for the coagulase test were verified. Finally, among all identified genera, greater resistance to ampicillin was detected, followed by tetracycline, cephalothin, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.