Microbiota intestinal e associação com ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e consumo de fibras em pacientes celíacos sob dieta livre de glúten

• Autor(a) principal: Moraes, Luís Fernando de Sousa
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2796
• topic: Intestinos - Microbiologia; Ácidos graxos; Doença celíaca; Intestines - Microbiology; Fatty acids; Celiac disease; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO

Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic inflammatory condition that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals. The development of DC is a complex process, which involves the interaction between genetic, environmental and immunological factors, resulting in autoimmune reactions after exposure to non- tolerable dietary factors (prolamins), components of "gluten", which is present in foods such as wheat, rye, barley, and also oats. CD is characterized by an inflammatory process involving the intestinal mucosa with crypt hyperplasia, villous atrophy, lymphocyte infiltration in the intestinal epithelium and lamina propria. Besides gluten, other environmental factors, such as changes in intestinal microbiota, have been suggested to be associated with CD in childhood and in adulthood. In this context, the aim of the study was to analyze the composition of the intestinal microbiota of CD adult patients and to compare it with healthy controls. The study included twenty celiac patients (36.3 ± 13.7 years old and 22.5 ± 3.2 kg/m2), as confirmed by intestinal biopsy and on GFD, and thirty-nine non-celiac patients (36.0 ± 13.0 years old, 23.8 ± 3.7 kg/m2), matched by age and gender with celiac patients in a 2:1 ratio. The population of celiac patients was predominantly female (65%). Celiac patients were on gluten free diet (GFD) for 1.2 ± 0.6 years. All celiac subjects were negative for the serological IgA anti-transglutaminase antibody, which demonstrates adherence to GFD. The comparison between the groups showed no differences in relation to sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. Regarding to microbiota, Enterobacterium was the largest group with 10.5 % detected in celiac and 10.1 % in controls. In celiac individuals and controls, Bifidobacterium represented 7.9 % and 8.6 %, respectively. The percentage of Bacteroides-Prevotella was 6.3 % in the celiac group and 5.1 % in control. Clostridium histolyticum comprised 5.6 % and 4.7 % of the total bacteria in celiac patients and control, respectively. Lactobacillus-Enterococcus was the lowest represented group with 4.3 % in the celiac group and 3.4 % in control. All groups of bacteria did not differ betweenxv celiac and control. A lower amount of butyric acid (p=0.038) and total short chain fatty acids (p=0.042) was observed in the feces of celiac subjects. The pH was lower in individuals without the disease (p=0.046). Fiber intake was lower in celiac, but with no statistical significance. Negative correlation was found between fiber intake and Enterobacterium group levels in celiac patients (r=- 0.64, p=0.046). Further studies are needed in order to investigate unbalances in the intestinal microbiota, at bacterial species levels, and relate them to the differences in the composition of short chain fatty acids.