Identificação, análise e implicações do poder de mercado na indústria brasileira de carne de frango

• Autor(a) principal: Profeta, Graciela Aparecida
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/37
• topic: Poder de mercado; Frango; NEIO; Market power; Chicken; NEIO; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS

The Brazilian poultry meat has characteristics that indicate the concentration in the sector. It also appears that basically there are four major companies that have established several agro-industrial plants throughout the country. They cover the major consumption centers as well as the locations of abundant raw material. Thus, they have dominated significant market share over the past 10 years, and hindered the entry of new competitors. Moreover, due to factors ranging from those related to prices as determined by changes in eating habits of families, there was no perfect or close substitutes that could be a choice of buying by consumers.Therefore, making use of market characteristics, this study aimed to identify and assess the implications of market power on the welfare of consumers for the period January 2003 to October 2009. To achieve the proposed objectives, we used the Theory of New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO), specifically the theoretical model for determining market power stable short-term proposed by Bresnahan (1982). Considering that the markets are inherently dynamic and that the decisions of firms generally seek long-term, applied to recast the model of Bresnahan (1982), made by Steen and Salvanes (1999) in which the incorporation of the mechanism error correction parameters allowed finding of market power in long-term distinct from short-term. As suggested by the principles of the Theory of NEIO was delimited in advance to estimate the mean conduct parameter, the relevant market for beef and chicken. The results of cointegration analysis indicated that the chicken, beef and pork products were relevant from the viewpoint of the product. In the case of geographical size, the option considered by the squares studied the relevance of these in terms of production and consumer market and the availability of data for the survey. The study of cross-price elasticities between meat showed that for Belo Horizonte and Oeste of Paraná the chicken and beef products were considered substitutes for one another, and Goiânia, substitute products were the chicken and pork. In the case of São Paulo and Porto Alegre, noted that the chicken and beef were presented as complementary goods among themselves. In terms of the degree of market power estimated from the dynamic formulation proposed by Steen and Salvanes (1999), we can infer that the results obtained for the conduct parameter average short-term pointed to the rejection of the null hypotheses of competition perfect, of collusion and market power fully to the squares of São Paulo, Goiânia and Oeste of Paraná, in this case, we can affirm that existed in the period under review an amount of power broker. For the other squares did not identify a parameter of conduct long-term average. The degree of market power in long-term identified for each of the five squares analyzed, the results of tests of hypotheses about the coefficients found, the results showed that the presence or absence of market power obtained for the short term somehow remained in the long term. Rejected the null hypothesis of no market power for all geographic units, and concluded that in the long run firms had market power, and this varied in magnitude. Therefore, the observed concentration in Brazilian chicken meat, the barriers to entry and lack of perfect substitutes for beef and chicken, appear to have contributed to the verification of the presence of market power in three of five squares studied in the short term and all in the long run, which implied that the markets for these companies, especially the dominant work in a framework of imperfect competition influencing price and quantity supplied in the market. Given the presence of market power in the marketplaces, we proceeded to the calculation of net social losses (DWL) inherent in the anticompetitive conduct of business. The results revealed that, in general, for the period 2003 to 2007 the participation of the DWL on total revenue of the meat industry of frozen whole chicken in every street was significant. It is emphasized that to São Paulo and Porto Alegre, where demand is inelastic to the price shown, the relationship DWL-revenue was more intense in terms of values. Finally, the results for the DWL corroborate those found for the degree of market power in these geographic units. Finally, we can say that the structural characteristics of the market peaked in existence and exercise of market power by firms acting and for this reason, the bodies responsible for ensuring the protection of competition shall continuously and, based on contributions theoretical and practical, to ensure that mergers are efficient and not a means of increasing market power and hence social losses.