Produção de milho-verde e grãos consorciados com leguminosas em sistemas de plantio direto orgânico

• Autor(a) principal: Alves, Estenio Moreira
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2018
• topic: Milho; Canavalia ensiformis; Cajanus cajan; Compostos orgânicos; Sistema de plantio direto; Corn; Canavalia ensiformis; Cajanus cajan; Organic compounds; Tillage system; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA

The search for more sustainable production ways is an agriculture need. The no-till organic corn production system meets several soil conservation principles. It provides contaminants free products, and it is responsible for making the agriculture less dependent of external inputs. The products, corn grain and sweet corn, are critical to monogastric nutrition and human nutrition, which are in a wide variety of Brazilian typical dishes. To find innovations that can led to viable alternatives of production, the aim of this study was to evaluate the residual fertilizer effects in production components, grain and sweet corn yield at different levels of organic compost and intercropping of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) with corn in no-till organic crop system (NTOCS). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were: T1 maize monoculture without fertilizer (Residual fertilizing from organic compost of 27 previous crops); T2 maize monoculture, fertilized with 20 m3 ha-1 of organic compost; T3 maize monoculture, fertilized with 40 m3 ha-1 of organic compost; T4 corn and jack bean intercropped, fertilized with 40 m3 ha-1 of organic compost; T5 maize and dwarf pigeonpea intercropped, fertilized with 40 m3 ha-1 of organic compost and T6 - Maize and pigeon pea shrub intercropped, fertilized with 40 m3 ha-1 of organic compost. The ANAVA was performed using the "F" test (p <0.05) and submitted to the "t" test (p <0.05) for comparison of two means. The organic compost was distributed on planting groove as determined in treatment immediately after planting. The corn crop was conducted in NTOCS with weeds management through mowing. Legumes were planted at the corn row at the same day. In the evaluation of production components of sweet corn, there were no significant differences in the variables studied, except for the prolificacy index. It is known that the second ear can compromise the mass, diameter and length of ears of sweet corn, compromising the market acceptance. However, although the prolificacy index had significant difference between treatments, it was not able to decrease the spikes size produced in treatments. The results show that grain yield and macronutrients exportation did not differ significantly between treatments. Still, the prolificacy, crude protein content in grain and weight of one thousand grains differed significantly, highlighting that higher levels were obtained in the intercropping with pigeonpeas. The fertilizer residual effect with organic compost in systems fertilized during 27 consecutive years can maintain the sweet corn and grain yield, decreasing the dependence of organic fertilization for two seasons. It was concluded that the NTOCS did not depend on annual fertilization with organic compost; the intercropped system did not affect the morphological traits of ears of sweet corn and grain yield. It is highlighted that pigeonpeas intercropped improved quality of corn grain. Therefore, the intercropping benefits corn production in no-till organic system, especially with pigeonpeas.