Acacieae Benth. (Leguminosae Mimosoideae) em Minas Gerais, Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Vanessa Terra dos
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2522
• topic: Acacia; Leguminosae; Minas Gerais; Distribuição; Acacia; Leguminosae; Minas Gerais; Distribution; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA

Acacieae Benth. consists of a single genus, Acacia Miller, belonging to Leguminosae, the third largest family of angiosperms. It comprises more than 1450 species, distributed through tropical and temperate regions worldwide. Lianas, trees or shrubs, leaves bipinnate, inflorescence axillary, spiciform or capitate; flowers hermaphrodite, usually 4-5 mere, white or yellow, stamens 15-150 per flower, free from the base; fruit a legume, papyraceous, leathery or woody, seed with pleurogram. This work describes the diversity and distribution patterns of the genus Acacia in the state of Minas Gerais. The studies were based on analysis of about 800 specimens from 21 herbaria, field observations and collection of botanical material from 27 protected areas of Minas Gerais. The study provides descriptions, illustrations, identification key, common names, geographic distribution, distribution patterns and data on flowering and fruiting of these species. Seventeen taxa were recognized, of which only Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. is introduced, occurring spontaneously in the state and, also, the only species belonging to subgenus Acacia, since the remaining belong to the subgenus Aculeiferum. Here we report for the first time, the occurrence of Acacia velutina DC. in Minas Gerais. The species are distributed in the three biomes in the state: Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Caatinga. Acacia farnesiana, A. martiusiana, A. polyphylla and A. tenuifolia occurred in the three biomes. The species that were found exclusively in the Atlantic Forest were A. grandistipula, A. lacerans, A. pteridifolia A. polyphylla var. giganticarpa and A. serra. A. bahiensis and A. limae were exclusive to the Caatinga. Acacia martii and A. velutina were unique to the Cerrado. Eight geographic distribution patterns were defined for these species: Broad distribution (5.88%), Neotropical (17.65%), Western-Central-Eastern South America (29.41%), Eastern-Northeastern-Southeastern-Southern Brazil (5.88%), Atlantic-Southeastern-Northeastern Brazil (23:53%), Atlantic Southeastern-Southern Brazil (5.88%), endemic Southeastern (5.88%) and Endemic Minas Gerais (5.88%). Acacia lacerans, A. lewisii, A. martii, A. polyphylla var. giganticarpa, A. pteridifolia, A. Serra and A. velutina have been indicated to be included to the list of endangered species in Minas Gerais, in the critically endangered category. Acacia bahiensis has also been indicated to be included to the endangered category, and A. limae and A. monacantha have been indicated to be included to the vulnerable category. Acacia species from Minas Gerais have several uses such as medicinal plants, lumber in construction, firewood and charcoal, which are the most frequently cited in the literature. These data show the need for the creation of new protected areas and implementation of conservation programs in non-protected areas.