Desenvolvimento de membranas rígidas e reabsorvíveis e sua aplicação na regeneração periodontal

• Autor(a) principal: Reis, Emily Correna Carlo
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1445
• topic: Doença periodontal; Biomateriais; Regeneração tecidual guiada; Periodontal disease; Biomaterials; Guided tissue regeneration; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA::CLINICA E CIRURGIA ANIMAL

Periodontal disease is highly prevalent in dogs, which presents progressive destruction of the periodontal supportive tissues, i.e., alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum. Thus, many materials aiming at regenerating the periodontium were developed and are now in clinical use, including membranes for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and the application of grafts and biomaterials. Recently, new possibilities arose with the development of multifunctional membranes for GTR. In the present work, two different multifunctional membranes were developed and evaluated in vivo. The first type of resorbable and rigid membrane developed used the association of hydroxyapatite and polyhydroxybutyrate. With these materials, three membranes were manufactured by injection molding with different proportions of hydroxyapatite, 25, 35 or 50%. After grinding them with a dental bur, their surface was characterized as a complex microtopography by having pores, linear structures and exposed hydroxyapatite granules. Next, the membranes containing 25 and 35% hydroxyapatite were tested on the regeneration of periodontal class II furcation defects induced in dogs. Defects treated with the membranes were compared to the ones that did not receive them, collecting the teeth and periodontal tissues at 60 and 120 days after surgery for micro-computed tomography and histologic analysis. Clinically, membranes were exposed to the oral cavity in association to gingival recession around the 8th day after surgery. Although partial regeneration was observed in treated group, no significant difference between groups was found, probably due to the contamination of treated defects. The second type of multifunctional membrane developed was called bilayered biomaterial for its design: a flat layer coupled to another layer presenting a surface with a high topographical complexity with macro, micro and nanopores. It was manufactured in a three phase constitution with the association of polylactide-co-glycolide acid to calcium phosphate and was also evaluated on the regeneration of class II furcation defects induced in dogs. The regeneration was clinically evaluated and the teeth with the surrounding periodontium were collected at 60 and 120 days after surgery for microxiv computed and histologic analysis. Defects treated with the bilayered biomaterial were compared to defects that did not receive the biomaterial. Significant difference was observed for the volume of the regenerated bone and the number, thickness and distance of the trabeculae. Periodontal ligament and cementum were observed along with bone. Therefore, the bilayered biomaterial favored periodontal regeneration, here emphasizing the formation of alveolar buccal bone.