Biofumigação com Brassica rapa para o controle de Meloidogyne exigua em diferentes texturas e umidades do solo

• Autor(a) principal: Goulart, Roseli dos Reis
• Data de Publicação: 2007
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4452
• topic: Brassica rapa; Meloidogyne spp.; Café; Produção de mudas; Brassica rapa; Meloidogyne spp.; Coffee; Seedling production; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA

The root-knot nematodes belong to the genus Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1887, and constitute one of the most important plant nematode groups to agriculture. Meloidogyne exigua is one of the main species that parasitize coffee trees, being problematic especially in seedlings, because it reduces their development and delays their commercialization. The methyl bromide still is the main product used for soil and substrate disinfestation, but not for too long time, since it has been gradually removed from the market. Among the alternatives to substitute this fumigant, the mustard, plant from Brassicaceae family, has received special attention, because of the production of glicosinolates, which are broken down to toxic gases, such as isoticianates, by enzymatic hydrolysis. In this way, it is believed that soil incorporation of degreased flour of Brassica rapa seeds can promote efficient control of M. exigua in the soil. With this purpose, there were studied different flour doses for the control of M. exigua and from the best doses, it was studied the influence of soil humidity (-10 kPa to -500 kPa) and the soil texture in the biofumigation process. It was proved that degreased flour had nematostatic effect in M. exigua egg hatching, in the lowest doses (0,375 and 0,75 g/dm3) and nematicide affect in the superior doses (higher than 1,5 g/dm3). In greenhouse, in the dose 2,0 g/dm3 the flour controlled efficiently the nematode, with an average reduction of 94% of galls and 93% of the eggs. Soil texture and humidity did not affect flour efficiency in biofumigation, except in franc-loamy soil at the potential of -500 kPa. Concluding, the degreased flour constitutes a viable alternative to M. exigua control using biofumigation.