Análises biométricas em grãos de café conilon

• Autor(a) principal: Fialho, Gustavo Sessa
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1168
• topic: Melhoramento de plantas; Biometria; Coffea Canephora; Plant Breeding; Biometrics; Coffea Canephora; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA::MELHORAMENTO VEGETAL

Nowadays, in order not only to increase productivity but also to improve the cup quality, the characteristics of coffee grains have been the targets of current breeding programs of Coffea canephora coffee. Nevertheless, the identification and selection of superior genotypes is linked to the use of appropriate biometric methodologies to enable the breeder the study of characters under a certain level of improving reliability. Thus, this thesis is composed of papers A, B and C whose purposes were, respectively: literature surveys of the use of biometrics in coffee, elucidating its applications and results in steps common to plant breeding programs, to evaluate the precision of the use of an index of bean outturn, relationship between harvested fruits and processed grains equals to 4.0, in the estimation of the production of conilon coffee beans and, by different methods, to estimate the coefficients of repeatability for conilon coffee grain characteristics assessing the possibility of early selection. To do so, we analyzed data from three trials totaling the study of 157 genotypes of the species C. canephora var. conilon, belonging to the breeding program of the conilon coffee, from the Capixaba Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (Incaper) in Espírito Santo state, Brazil. In trials I and II, we analyzed 40 genotypes and III, 117. The trials were installed under rainfed system in Sooretama and Marilândia; representative regions of conilon coffee plantation in Espírito Santo. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with four replications and two plants per plot in trials I and II, and two replicationss with five plants per plot in trial III . In article - A it was found that different biometrics have been implemented in several segments of the coffee breeding and the option for each of them has been a function of the peculiarities of the culture, preferences of the breeder, the availability of financial technician resources and the accuracy of biometric methodologies. There was also an interaction between biometrics and biotechnology in studies of genetic diversity. In article - B, we evaluated the following characteristics: relationship between harvested fruits and processed grains (FcBe), grain production observed per plant (PGO) and the estimated one (PGE) based on FcBe equals to 4.0. Descriptive statistics were performed, tests to study the suitability of the estimator ofPGE and the coincidence between genotypes selected by PGO and PGE. Therefore, in the estimation of grain production in conilon coffee, the use of FcBe equals to 4.0 showed high precision in the average of the analyzed trials. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the effects of climatic variables on the bean outturn of conilon coffee, especially in atypical year for the crop. Thereby, the use of a bean outturn index is interesting in cases where the number of genotypes to be evaluated is very large, and a screening of the promising is desirable. Finally, in the article - B, the repeatability coefficients were obtained from the analysis of variance, principal components based on the covariance and correlation matrices and in the structural analysis based in the correlation matrix. The estimates were based on the average of four harvests and for the following characteristics: percentage of flat beans, percentage of mocha grains and average sieve. The adopted methods provided similar estimates of repeatability and intermediate to high magnitudes for all variables analyzed. Thereby, it is possible to evaluate and select accurately conilon coffee plants after two successive crops for average sieve and three for the percentage of flat beans and mocha.