Fungos endofíticos de Phaseolus vulgaris exibem atividade antimicrobiana e potencial para controle de fitopatógenos

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Taides Tavares dos
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5371
• topic: Fungos endofíticos; Controle de fitopatógenos; Variabilidade genética; Endophytic fungi; Control plant pathogens; genetic variability; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::MICROBIOLOGIA AGRICOLA

Endophytic fungi are those living at least a part of their life cycle within plant tissue, apparently without causing any damage to their hosts. These microorganisms have been studied for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites of biotechnological interest, and also for their ability for biological control of phytopathogens. Endophytic fungi have been isolated from a wide variety of plant species, including crops such as common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Fungi from the genus Diaporthe were abundant in the endophytic community of this legume. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and the potential use of endophytic fungi of P. vulgaris in the control of phytopathogens of bean, and to analyze phylogenetic relationships and genetic variability of endophytic fungi of the genus Diaporthe isolated from P. vulgaris. Dual culture assays were performed between ninety endophytic fungi and four phytopathogenic fungi (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) to assess for the ability of endophytic fungi inhibit the growth of phytopathogens. The isolates that were able to inhibit the four phytopathogens tested were selected for cultivation and obtention of metabolites crude extracts. These extracts were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity. The sequences of the ITS region of rDNA of the isolates of the genus Diaporthe from common bean, along with the partial sequences of the genes encoding translation elongation factor 1-α, β-tubulin and calmodulin were used for the study of the phylogenetic relationships of these isolates. Molecular markers based on sequences of retrotransposons, IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism) and REMAP (Retrotransposon-Microsatellite Amplified Polymorphism), were used for the analysis of genetic variability. It was found that endophytic fungi of common bean are able to inhibit the in vitro growth of phytopathogenic fungi and that metabolites crude extracts of endophytic exhibit significant antimicrobial activity especially regarding the inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus). Diaporthe sp., D. infecunda, D. melonis and D. phaseolorum are members of the endophytic fungal community in the common bean as verified by multilocus phylogenetic analysis. Cluster analysis, conducted with pooled data from IRAP and REMAP markers, was consistent regarding what was observed in multilocus phylogeny and revealed the existence of high genetic variability, particularly among isolates of D. infecunda. It was concluded that the metabolites crude extracts of endophytic fungi of common bean exhibit promising antimicrobial activity; that endophytic fungi used in this study have the potential to control phytopathogens that affect the bean crop; the multilocus phylogenetic approach was more effective than individual analysis of ITS sequences in the study of phylogenetic relationships of endophytic fungi of the genus Diaporthe from common bean and that IRAP and REMAP markers can be employed in the study of genetic variability of this genus of fungi.