What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms?
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2011 |
Outros Autores: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | The Journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases (Online) |
Texto Completo: | http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992011000100003 |
Resumo: | Antivenoms against snake and scorpion envenomations are usually equine in nature and composed mostly of F(ab')2; additionally, phenol and m-cresol are mainly employed for their preservation. Although there is no study on this subject, m-cresol is utilized by most manufacturers in a concentration that ranges from 0.15 to 0.35 g%. Decreasing the concentration of m-cresol to its minimal effective level may protect victims from its toxic effects and keep the antivenom stable during its shelf life without forming any aggregates. In the present work, different concentrations of m-cresol, ranging from 0.1 to 0.35 g%, were used with some selected batches of snake and scorpion antivenoms. A low concentration of 0.15 g% showed an acceptable preserving result that complies perfectly with antimicrobial specifications stated by the British Pharmacopoeia. Tested antivenoms (in 12 batches), when kept in a cold room for 39 months (more than their shelf life), retained their physical, chemical and microbiological activities according to the specifications of pharmacopeias. The present data demonstrated that reduction of m-cresol concentration to 0.15 g% in case of equine F(ab')2 antivenoms will improve safety of such preparations and preserve their stability during their shelf life. |
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What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms?antivenomspreservativem-cresolstabilityAntivenoms against snake and scorpion envenomations are usually equine in nature and composed mostly of F(ab')2; additionally, phenol and m-cresol are mainly employed for their preservation. Although there is no study on this subject, m-cresol is utilized by most manufacturers in a concentration that ranges from 0.15 to 0.35 g%. Decreasing the concentration of m-cresol to its minimal effective level may protect victims from its toxic effects and keep the antivenom stable during its shelf life without forming any aggregates. In the present work, different concentrations of m-cresol, ranging from 0.1 to 0.35 g%, were used with some selected batches of snake and scorpion antivenoms. A low concentration of 0.15 g% showed an acceptable preserving result that complies perfectly with antimicrobial specifications stated by the British Pharmacopoeia. Tested antivenoms (in 12 batches), when kept in a cold room for 39 months (more than their shelf life), retained their physical, chemical and microbiological activities according to the specifications of pharmacopeias. The present data demonstrated that reduction of m-cresol concentration to 0.15 g% in case of equine F(ab')2 antivenoms will improve safety of such preparations and preserve their stability during their shelf life.Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP/UNESP)2011-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992011000100003Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases v.17 n.1 2011reponame:The Journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases (Online)instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESP10.1590/S1678-91992011000100003info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAbd-Elsalam,MAAbdoon,NAl-Ahaidib,MSeng2011-03-01T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S1678-91992011000100003Revistahttp://www.scielo.br/jvatitdPUBhttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.php||editorial@jvat.org.br1678-91991678-9180opendoar:2011-03-01T00:00The Journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases (Online) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
title |
What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
spellingShingle |
What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? Abd-Elsalam,MA antivenoms preservative m-cresol stability |
title_short |
What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
title_full |
What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
title_fullStr |
What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
title_full_unstemmed |
What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
title_sort |
What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
author |
Abd-Elsalam,MA |
author_facet |
Abd-Elsalam,MA Abdoon,N Al-Ahaidib,MS |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Abdoon,N Al-Ahaidib,MS |
author2_role |
author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Abd-Elsalam,MA Abdoon,N Al-Ahaidib,MS |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
antivenoms preservative m-cresol stability |
topic |
antivenoms preservative m-cresol stability |
description |
Antivenoms against snake and scorpion envenomations are usually equine in nature and composed mostly of F(ab')2; additionally, phenol and m-cresol are mainly employed for their preservation. Although there is no study on this subject, m-cresol is utilized by most manufacturers in a concentration that ranges from 0.15 to 0.35 g%. Decreasing the concentration of m-cresol to its minimal effective level may protect victims from its toxic effects and keep the antivenom stable during its shelf life without forming any aggregates. In the present work, different concentrations of m-cresol, ranging from 0.1 to 0.35 g%, were used with some selected batches of snake and scorpion antivenoms. A low concentration of 0.15 g% showed an acceptable preserving result that complies perfectly with antimicrobial specifications stated by the British Pharmacopoeia. Tested antivenoms (in 12 batches), when kept in a cold room for 39 months (more than their shelf life), retained their physical, chemical and microbiological activities according to the specifications of pharmacopeias. The present data demonstrated that reduction of m-cresol concentration to 0.15 g% in case of equine F(ab')2 antivenoms will improve safety of such preparations and preserve their stability during their shelf life. |
publishDate |
2011 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2011-01-01 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992011000100003 |
url |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992011000100003 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1590/S1678-91992011000100003 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
text/html |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP/UNESP) |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP/UNESP) |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases v.17 n.1 2011 reponame:The Journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases (Online) instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
The Journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases (Online) |
collection |
The Journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases (Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
The Journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases (Online) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
||editorial@jvat.org.br |
_version_ |
1748958538830446592 |