Income inequality in Brazil, 1995-2019: several distributions and the impact of unemployment
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Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho |
Texto Completo: | https://econtents.bc.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/rbest/article/view/14205 |
Resumo: | This article analyzes the distribution of income in Brazil from 1995 to 2019 based on data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). The distribution of household income per capita, the distribution of income from work among employed people and the distribution of income from work among economically active people are considered, arguing that the latter is the most appropriate if the focus of the analysis is the labor market. It is shown that, although there are important methodological differences between the traditional PNAD and the Continuous PNAD (with the latter better capturing the inequality of income distribution), it is perfectly possible to concatenate the series of results of the two surveys. The analysis of the distribution of per capita household income from 1995 to 2019 shows a substantial reduction in poverty and inequality until 2014. Unfortunately, in the period 2014-2019 there is an inversion in the direction of these changes, losing about 1/3 of the reduction in inequality and 1/4 of the poverty reduction achieved in the previous period. It is shown that, in a crisis situation like the one that occurred in Brazil from 2015 onwards, the analysis limited to employed people does not show the real increase in inequality. |
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Income inequality in Brazil, 1995-2019: several distributions and the impact of unemployment Desigualdad de ingresos en Brasil, 1995-2019: diversas distribuciones y el impacto del desempleo Inégalité des revenus au Brésil, 1995-2019: diverses distributions et l'impact du chômageDesigualdade de renda no Brasil, 1995-2019: diversas distribuições e o impacto do desempregoInégalitéRépartition des revenusPauvretéChômageInequalityIncome distributionPovertyUnemploymentDesigualdadDistribución del ingresoPobrezaDesempleoDesigualdadeDistribuição de rendaPobrezaDesempregoThis article analyzes the distribution of income in Brazil from 1995 to 2019 based on data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). The distribution of household income per capita, the distribution of income from work among employed people and the distribution of income from work among economically active people are considered, arguing that the latter is the most appropriate if the focus of the analysis is the labor market. It is shown that, although there are important methodological differences between the traditional PNAD and the Continuous PNAD (with the latter better capturing the inequality of income distribution), it is perfectly possible to concatenate the series of results of the two surveys. The analysis of the distribution of per capita household income from 1995 to 2019 shows a substantial reduction in poverty and inequality until 2014. Unfortunately, in the period 2014-2019 there is an inversion in the direction of these changes, losing about 1/3 of the reduction in inequality and 1/4 of the poverty reduction achieved in the previous period. It is shown that, in a crisis situation like the one that occurred in Brazil from 2015 onwards, the analysis limited to employed people does not show the real increase in inequality.Este artículo analiza la distribución del ingreso en Brasil de 1995 a 2019 con base en datos de la Encuesta Nacional por Muestreo de Hogares (PNAD). Se considera la distribución del ingreso per cápita del hogar, la distribución del ingreso del trabajo entre las personas ocupadas y la distribución del ingreso del trabajo entre las personas económicamente activas, argumentando que esta última es la más adecuada si el foco del análisis es el mercado laboral. Se muestra que, si bien existen importantes diferencias metodológicas entre la PNAD tradicional y la PNAD Continua (siendo esta última la que capta mejor la desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso), es perfectamente posible concatenar la serie de resultados de las dos encuestas. El análisis de la distribución del ingreso per cápita de los hogares de 1995 a 2019 muestra una reducción sustancial de la pobreza y la desigualdad hasta 2014. Lamentablemente, en el período 2014-2019 hay una inversión en la dirección de estos cambios, perdiendo alrededor de 1/3 de la reducción de la desigualdad y 1/4 de la reducción de la pobreza lograda en el período anterior. Se muestra que, en una situación de crisis como la ocurrida en Brasil desde 2015, el análisis limitado a las personas ocupadas no muestra el aumento real de la desigualdad.Cet article analyse la distribution des revenus au Brésil de 1995 à 2019 sur la base des données de l'Enquête nationale par sondage auprès des ménages (PNAD). La répartition du revenu du ménage par habitant, la répartition du revenu du travail parmi les personnes occupées et la répartition du revenu du travail parmi les personnes économiquement actives sont prises en compte, en faisant valoir que cette dernière est la plus appropriée si l'analyse porte sur le marché du travail. On montre que, s'il existe des différences méthodologiques importantes entre le PNAD traditionnel et le PNAD continu (ce dernier saisissant mieux l'inégalité de la répartition des revenus), il est parfaitement possible de concaténer les séries de résultats des deux enquêtes. L'analyse de la distribution du revenu des ménages par habitant de 1995 à 2019 montre une réduction substantielle de la pauvreté et des inégalités jusqu'en 2014. Malheureusement, dans la période 2014-2019, il y a une inversion dans le sens de ces changements, perdant environ 1/3 de la réduction des inégalités et 1/4 de la réduction de la pauvreté obtenue au cours de la période précédente. Il est montré que, dans une situation de crise comme celle survenue au Brésil à partir de 2015, l'analyse limitée aux salariés ne montre pas l'augmentation réelle des inégalitésNeste artigo é analisada a distribuição da renda no Brasil de 1995 a 2019 com base nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD). Considera-se a distribuição da renda domiciliar per capita, a distribuição do rendimento do trabalho entre pessoas ocupadas e a distribuição do rendimento do trabalho entre pessoas economicamente ativas, argumentando que esta última é a mais apropriada se o foco da análise é o mercado de trabalho. Mostra-se que, embora haja diferenças metodológicas importantes entre a PNAD tradicional e a PNAD Contínua (com esta última captando melhor a desigualdade da distribuição da renda), é perfeitamente possível concatenar as séries de resultados das duas pesquisas. A análise da distribuição da renda domiciliar per capita de 1995 a 2019 mostra substancial redução da pobreza e da desigualdade até 2014. Infelizmente, no período 2014-2019 ocorre inversão no sentido dessas mudanças, perdendo-se cerca de 1/3 da redução da desigualdade e 1/4 da redução da pobreza conquistada no período anterior. Mostra-se que, em uma situação de crise como a que ocorreu no Brasil a partir de 2015, a análise limitada às pessoas ocupadas não mostra o real aumento da desigualdade. Universidade Estadual de Campinas2020-09-02info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTextoTextoTexteinfo:eu-repo/semantics/otherapplication/pdfhttps://econtents.bc.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/rbest/article/view/1420510.20396/rbest.v2i.14205RBEST Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho; v. 2 (2020): Dossiê: Desigualdade no capitalismo contemporâneo; e020007Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho; Vol. 2 (2020): Dossier: Desigualdad en el capitalismo contemporáneo; e020007RBEST: Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho; Vol. 2 (2020): Dossier: Inequality in contemporary capitalism; e020007RBEST: Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho; Vol. 2 (2020): Dossier: Inégalités dans le capitalisme contemporain; e0200072674-9564reponame:Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalhoinstname:Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)instacron:UNICAMPporhttps://econtents.bc.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/rbest/article/view/14205/9771Brazil; 1995-2019Brasil; 1995-2019Brésil: 1995-2019Brasil; 1995-2019Copyright (c) 2020 RBEST: Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalhohttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessHoffmann, Rodolfo2023-04-18T14:56:40Zoai:inpec.econtents.bc.unicamp.br:article/14205Revistahttps://econtents.bc.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/rbest/indexPUBhttps://econtents.bc.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/rbest/oairbest@unicamp.br || ppec@unicamp.br2674-95642674-9564opendoar:2023-04-18T14:56:40Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho - Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Income inequality in Brazil, 1995-2019: several distributions and the impact of unemployment Desigualdad de ingresos en Brasil, 1995-2019: diversas distribuciones y el impacto del desempleo Inégalité des revenus au Brésil, 1995-2019: diverses distributions et l'impact du chômage Desigualdade de renda no Brasil, 1995-2019: diversas distribuições e o impacto do desemprego |
title |
Income inequality in Brazil, 1995-2019: several distributions and the impact of unemployment |
spellingShingle |
Income inequality in Brazil, 1995-2019: several distributions and the impact of unemployment Hoffmann, Rodolfo Inégalité Répartition des revenus Pauvreté Chômage Inequality Income distribution Poverty Unemployment Desigualdad Distribución del ingreso Pobreza Desempleo Desigualdade Distribuição de renda Pobreza Desemprego |
title_short |
Income inequality in Brazil, 1995-2019: several distributions and the impact of unemployment |
title_full |
Income inequality in Brazil, 1995-2019: several distributions and the impact of unemployment |
title_fullStr |
Income inequality in Brazil, 1995-2019: several distributions and the impact of unemployment |
title_full_unstemmed |
Income inequality in Brazil, 1995-2019: several distributions and the impact of unemployment |
title_sort |
Income inequality in Brazil, 1995-2019: several distributions and the impact of unemployment |
author |
Hoffmann, Rodolfo |
author_facet |
Hoffmann, Rodolfo |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Hoffmann, Rodolfo |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Inégalité Répartition des revenus Pauvreté Chômage Inequality Income distribution Poverty Unemployment Desigualdad Distribución del ingreso Pobreza Desempleo Desigualdade Distribuição de renda Pobreza Desemprego |
topic |
Inégalité Répartition des revenus Pauvreté Chômage Inequality Income distribution Poverty Unemployment Desigualdad Distribución del ingreso Pobreza Desempleo Desigualdade Distribuição de renda Pobreza Desemprego |
description |
This article analyzes the distribution of income in Brazil from 1995 to 2019 based on data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). The distribution of household income per capita, the distribution of income from work among employed people and the distribution of income from work among economically active people are considered, arguing that the latter is the most appropriate if the focus of the analysis is the labor market. It is shown that, although there are important methodological differences between the traditional PNAD and the Continuous PNAD (with the latter better capturing the inequality of income distribution), it is perfectly possible to concatenate the series of results of the two surveys. The analysis of the distribution of per capita household income from 1995 to 2019 shows a substantial reduction in poverty and inequality until 2014. Unfortunately, in the period 2014-2019 there is an inversion in the direction of these changes, losing about 1/3 of the reduction in inequality and 1/4 of the poverty reduction achieved in the previous period. It is shown that, in a crisis situation like the one that occurred in Brazil from 2015 onwards, the analysis limited to employed people does not show the real increase in inequality. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-09-02 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Texto Texto Texte info:eu-repo/semantics/other |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://econtents.bc.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/rbest/article/view/14205 10.20396/rbest.v2i.14205 |
url |
https://econtents.bc.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/rbest/article/view/14205 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.20396/rbest.v2i.14205 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://econtents.bc.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/rbest/article/view/14205/9771 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2020 RBEST: Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2020 RBEST: Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.coverage.none.fl_str_mv |
Brazil; 1995-2019 Brasil; 1995-2019 Brésil: 1995-2019 Brasil; 1995-2019 |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual de Campinas |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual de Campinas |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
RBEST Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho; v. 2 (2020): Dossiê: Desigualdade no capitalismo contemporâneo; e020007 Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho; Vol. 2 (2020): Dossier: Desigualdad en el capitalismo contemporáneo; e020007 RBEST: Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho; Vol. 2 (2020): Dossier: Inequality in contemporary capitalism; e020007 RBEST: Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho; Vol. 2 (2020): Dossier: Inégalités dans le capitalisme contemporain; e020007 2674-9564 reponame:Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho instname:Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) instacron:UNICAMP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) |
instacron_str |
UNICAMP |
institution |
UNICAMP |
reponame_str |
Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho |
collection |
Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho - Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
rbest@unicamp.br || ppec@unicamp.br |
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1797049011758170112 |