Otimização da transesterificação enzimática do óleo de macaúba assistida por ultrassom

• Autor(a) principal: Gonçalves, Diogo Palermo
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/216972
• topic: Biodiesel; Biocombustíveis; Óleos vegetais; Macaúba; Biocatálise

Given the current scenario, one of the fundamental pillars for environmental degradation is the excessive use of fossil fuels. Besides the high dependency and the possible future unavailability, the use from this generates impacts to nature, such as the discharge of harmful gases into the atmosphere, the greenhouse gases. Therefore, the availability of new technologies as energy alternatives, especially biofuels, is necessary. The present work aims at the production of biodiesel from the oil of the macaúba palm (Acrocomia aculeata). This oleaginous plant presents excellent characteristics for biodiesel production, such as high availability, high oil content, scalability and resistance. The conversion process used in this work was the transesterification reaction by enzymatic catalysis using the biocatalyst Lipozyme RM IM and having methanol as the transesterifying agent. The reaction also investigated the use of ultrasonic waves as a process enhancer. To determine the best reaction conditions a 2³ experimental design was used, being the independent variables time (t), temperature (T) and catalyst concentration (C) and the dependent variable the yield in esters. The concentrations of methanol and almond oil remained constant (molar ratio oil:methanol 1:6), as well as the wave frequency of the ultrasonic bath (40kHz). The quantification of the obtained esters was performed by gas chromatography. The study range that obtained the best efficiency had as levels used time of 6 hours, temperature of 45ºC and concentration of biocatalyst close to 10% (m/m) in which a yield of 85.4% was obtained. Based on the results obtained as acidity index, composition and reaction conditions it is possible to conclude that biodiesel derived from oil of the macaúba palm presents itself as a viable alternative as a renewable fuel, scalable and when compared to fossil fuels, present less environmental impact.