Disponibilidade de fósforo em solo cultivado com braquiária em rotação com soja

• Autor(a) principal: Almeida, Danilo Silva [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110929
• topic: Fósforo; Capim-braquiaria; Biodisponibilidade; Rotação de cultivos; Solos - Teor de fosforo; Bioavailability

With crop rotation it is possible to get benefits by cropping some plant sp ecies with great capacity in uptake and also by enhancing the solubility of less labile phosphorus (P) forms, modifying the dynamics of this nutrient in the soil, and thus improving P availability for next crops. The objective of this work was to verify th e possibility of increasing the yield of soybean in rotation with Brachiaria ruziziensis in the off - season compared to no crop rotation , according to P forms distribution in the soil and availability provided by ruzi grass. A field experiment in no - till ha s been performed in Botucatu, SP since 2001. The experiment was evaluated during two crop years (2012/13 and 2013/14). The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks, with split - split plot arrangement. The plots received sources of P applied in t he soil surface (Natural reactive phosphate of Arad – FNA, Triple Superphosphate – SFT, and a control with no P). In the subplots, the treatments were presence and absence of ruzi grass during the off - season. The sub - subplots received levels of P applied e very year in the seed furrow during the sowing of soybean (0, 30, or 60 kg ha - 1 of P 2 O 5 ). Analyzes of soil fertility and P fractionation were made in samples collected after ruzi grass desiccation and before the sowing of soybean, in 2012. Greater availabi lity of P was observed after ruzi grass cultivation, due to cycling of less available P forms, with lowest concentration of P fixed in deep layers of soil, and higher concentration of P labile and moderately labile in the upper soil layers. The ruzi grass crop increased the concentration of organic matter, potassium and magnesium, next to the soil surface. However, the yield of soybean was lower after ruzi grass than after no crop rotation, during the two crop years. A lower concentration of P in leaf analy sis of soybean was verified, even in ...