Coral-Sol um invasor resistente: avaliação da toxicidade aguda de contaminantes associados às atividades petrolífera e petroquímica sobre a espécie Tubastraea coccinea

• Autor(a) principal: Fukushima, Leticia May
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/216823
• topic: Água Poluição; Indústria petroquímica; Indústria petrolífera; Corais; Ecotoxicologia; Monitoramento biológico

The oil and petrochemical industry are an important source of pollution to the marine and coastal environments. Brazil has been the scenario of marine environmental accidents involving this industry, such as the major fire at the Ultracargo Terminal in 2015 in Santos, and the appearance of large amounts of mysterious oil slicks on the North East and South East regions in 2019 and 2020. Tropical and subtropical regions are particularly susceptible to the environmental impacts from oil spills, including possible effects on the reef ecosystem, which are abundant within these areas. Brazil harbors a coral fauna considered unique in the world, which has been suffering from numberless environmental pressures, with many species currently threatened. Corals of the genus Tubastraea (Sun corals) are non-indigenous species on the Brazilian coast, which are becoming adapted to the local ecosystems. This study aimed to evaluate biological hazards of soluble fractions of fuel oil, marine diesel, samples of spilled oil in the NE, and the Aqueous Film Forming Foam Agefoam 2133 on the species Tubastraea coccinea, through acute toxicity tests. The tests took place in triplicates, in which colonies with 9-30 polyps were exposed to contaminants for 96 hours. Organisms from the controls and most of the test-dilutions presented 100% survival, except for the highest concentrations of substances LGE-Agefoam 2133, FSA from marine diesel, and the oil sample from the Northeast spill in 2019. The highest concentrations of AFFF and WSF of marine diesel showed significant effects compared to the control, being determined as the lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) and the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), which were, 1% and 100% respectively. Other substances (WSF from NE oil slicks and bunker C fuel oil) did not cause significant deleterious and sublethal effects. The study provided the first information on the effects of these compounds on scleractinian coals in Brazil