Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 Electrochemical-Based Solution for Treating Groundwater Polluted by Fuel Station
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182911 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/245973 |
Resumo: | Oil leakage occurs at fuel service stations due to improper storage, which pollutes soil and, subsequently, can reach the groundwater. Many compounds of petroleum-derived fuels pose hazards to aquatic systems, and so must be treated to guarantee clean and safe consumption, which is a right proposed by the United Nations in their Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation). In this study, contaminated groundwater with emerging pollutants by petroleum-derived fuel was electrochemically treated in constantly mixed 0.5 L samples using three different anodes: Ni/BDD, Ti/Pt, Ti/RuO2. Parameters were investigated according to chemical oxygen demand (COD), energy consumption analysis, by applying different electrodes, current densities (j), time, and the use of Na2SO4 as an electrolyte. Despite a similar COD decrease, better degradation was achieved after 240 min of electrochemical treatment at Ti/RuO2 system (almost 70%) by applying 30 mA cm−2, even without electrolyte. Furthermore, energy consumption was lower with the RuO2 anode, and greater when 0.5 M of Na2SO4 was added; while the order, when compared with the other electrocatalytic materials, was Ti/RuO2 > Ti/Pt > Ni/BDD. Thereafter, aiming to verify the viability of treatment at a large scale, a pilot flow plant with a capacity of 5 L was used, with a double-sided Ti/RuO2 as the anode, and two stainless steel cathodes. The optimal conditions for the effective treatment of the polluted water were a j of 30 mA cm−2, and 0.5 M of Na2SO4, resulting in 68% degradation after 300 min, with almost complete removal of BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene, which are found in emerging pollutants) from the water and other toxic compounds. These significant results proved that the technology used here could be an effective SDG 6 electrochemical-based solution for the treatment of groundwater, seeking to improve the quality of water, removing contaminants, and focusing on Brazilian environmental legislations and, consequently, converting pollutants into effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. |
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Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 Electrochemical-Based Solution for Treating Groundwater Polluted by Fuel Stationanodic oxidationBTEXelectrochemical oxidationgroundwater pollutionsustainable development goalsOil leakage occurs at fuel service stations due to improper storage, which pollutes soil and, subsequently, can reach the groundwater. Many compounds of petroleum-derived fuels pose hazards to aquatic systems, and so must be treated to guarantee clean and safe consumption, which is a right proposed by the United Nations in their Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation). In this study, contaminated groundwater with emerging pollutants by petroleum-derived fuel was electrochemically treated in constantly mixed 0.5 L samples using three different anodes: Ni/BDD, Ti/Pt, Ti/RuO2. Parameters were investigated according to chemical oxygen demand (COD), energy consumption analysis, by applying different electrodes, current densities (j), time, and the use of Na2SO4 as an electrolyte. Despite a similar COD decrease, better degradation was achieved after 240 min of electrochemical treatment at Ti/RuO2 system (almost 70%) by applying 30 mA cm−2, even without electrolyte. Furthermore, energy consumption was lower with the RuO2 anode, and greater when 0.5 M of Na2SO4 was added; while the order, when compared with the other electrocatalytic materials, was Ti/RuO2 > Ti/Pt > Ni/BDD. Thereafter, aiming to verify the viability of treatment at a large scale, a pilot flow plant with a capacity of 5 L was used, with a double-sided Ti/RuO2 as the anode, and two stainless steel cathodes. The optimal conditions for the effective treatment of the polluted water were a j of 30 mA cm−2, and 0.5 M of Na2SO4, resulting in 68% degradation after 300 min, with almost complete removal of BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene, which are found in emerging pollutants) from the water and other toxic compounds. These significant results proved that the technology used here could be an effective SDG 6 electrochemical-based solution for the treatment of groundwater, seeking to improve the quality of water, removing contaminants, and focusing on Brazilian environmental legislations and, consequently, converting pollutants into effluent that can be returned to the water cycle.Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RNFederal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte/Nova Cruz, Av. José Rodrigues de Aquino Filho, RNNational Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) Institute of Chemistry Universidad Estatal Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, SPDepartment Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) Institute of Chemistry Universidad Estatal Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, SPFederal University of Rio Grande do Norteand Technology of Rio Grande do Norte/Nova CruzUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14da Silva, Júlio César OliveiraSolano, Aline Maria SalesBarbosa Segundo, Inalmar D.dos Santos, Elisama Vieira [UNESP]Martínez-Huitle, Carlos A. [UNESP]da Silva, Djalma Ribeiro2023-07-29T12:28:17Z2023-07-29T12:28:17Z2022-09-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182911Water (Switzerland), v. 14, n. 18, 2022.2073-4441http://hdl.handle.net/11449/24597310.3390/w141829112-s2.0-85138750503Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengWater (Switzerland)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2023-07-29T12:28:17Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/245973Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T20:27:00.565233Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 Electrochemical-Based Solution for Treating Groundwater Polluted by Fuel Station |
title |
Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 Electrochemical-Based Solution for Treating Groundwater Polluted by Fuel Station |
spellingShingle |
Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 Electrochemical-Based Solution for Treating Groundwater Polluted by Fuel Station da Silva, Júlio César Oliveira anodic oxidation BTEX electrochemical oxidation groundwater pollution sustainable development goals |
title_short |
Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 Electrochemical-Based Solution for Treating Groundwater Polluted by Fuel Station |
title_full |
Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 Electrochemical-Based Solution for Treating Groundwater Polluted by Fuel Station |
title_fullStr |
Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 Electrochemical-Based Solution for Treating Groundwater Polluted by Fuel Station |
title_full_unstemmed |
Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 Electrochemical-Based Solution for Treating Groundwater Polluted by Fuel Station |
title_sort |
Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 Electrochemical-Based Solution for Treating Groundwater Polluted by Fuel Station |
author |
da Silva, Júlio César Oliveira |
author_facet |
da Silva, Júlio César Oliveira Solano, Aline Maria Sales Barbosa Segundo, Inalmar D. dos Santos, Elisama Vieira [UNESP] Martínez-Huitle, Carlos A. [UNESP] da Silva, Djalma Ribeiro |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Solano, Aline Maria Sales Barbosa Segundo, Inalmar D. dos Santos, Elisama Vieira [UNESP] Martínez-Huitle, Carlos A. [UNESP] da Silva, Djalma Ribeiro |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte/Nova Cruz Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
da Silva, Júlio César Oliveira Solano, Aline Maria Sales Barbosa Segundo, Inalmar D. dos Santos, Elisama Vieira [UNESP] Martínez-Huitle, Carlos A. [UNESP] da Silva, Djalma Ribeiro |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
anodic oxidation BTEX electrochemical oxidation groundwater pollution sustainable development goals |
topic |
anodic oxidation BTEX electrochemical oxidation groundwater pollution sustainable development goals |
description |
Oil leakage occurs at fuel service stations due to improper storage, which pollutes soil and, subsequently, can reach the groundwater. Many compounds of petroleum-derived fuels pose hazards to aquatic systems, and so must be treated to guarantee clean and safe consumption, which is a right proposed by the United Nations in their Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation). In this study, contaminated groundwater with emerging pollutants by petroleum-derived fuel was electrochemically treated in constantly mixed 0.5 L samples using three different anodes: Ni/BDD, Ti/Pt, Ti/RuO2. Parameters were investigated according to chemical oxygen demand (COD), energy consumption analysis, by applying different electrodes, current densities (j), time, and the use of Na2SO4 as an electrolyte. Despite a similar COD decrease, better degradation was achieved after 240 min of electrochemical treatment at Ti/RuO2 system (almost 70%) by applying 30 mA cm−2, even without electrolyte. Furthermore, energy consumption was lower with the RuO2 anode, and greater when 0.5 M of Na2SO4 was added; while the order, when compared with the other electrocatalytic materials, was Ti/RuO2 > Ti/Pt > Ni/BDD. Thereafter, aiming to verify the viability of treatment at a large scale, a pilot flow plant with a capacity of 5 L was used, with a double-sided Ti/RuO2 as the anode, and two stainless steel cathodes. The optimal conditions for the effective treatment of the polluted water were a j of 30 mA cm−2, and 0.5 M of Na2SO4, resulting in 68% degradation after 300 min, with almost complete removal of BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene, which are found in emerging pollutants) from the water and other toxic compounds. These significant results proved that the technology used here could be an effective SDG 6 electrochemical-based solution for the treatment of groundwater, seeking to improve the quality of water, removing contaminants, and focusing on Brazilian environmental legislations and, consequently, converting pollutants into effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-01 2023-07-29T12:28:17Z 2023-07-29T12:28:17Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182911 Water (Switzerland), v. 14, n. 18, 2022. 2073-4441 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/245973 10.3390/w14182911 2-s2.0-85138750503 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182911 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/245973 |
identifier_str_mv |
Water (Switzerland), v. 14, n. 18, 2022. 2073-4441 10.3390/w14182911 2-s2.0-85138750503 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Water (Switzerland) |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1808129202390564864 |