Necrotic Enteritis Caused by Clostridium perfringens in Blue and Gold Macaws (Ara ararauna)
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.65 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/201664 |
Resumo: | Clostridium perfringens types A and C, which are gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria, can cause necrotic enteritis in birds. Although Clostridium perfringens is considered a commensal organism in the avian intestinal tract, in association with severe stress, other infectious agents, or immunosuppressive conditions, it can cause disease outbreaks. This report describes a disease occurrence of necrotic enteritis caused by C perfringens in macaws (Ara ararauna). Two adult male blue and gold macaws maintained in a zoo exhibit were presented for postmortem examinations after histories of sudden death. Based on the gross examinations and microscopic evaluation of submitted tissue from both birds, the cause of death was determined to be necrotic enteritis. Microbiologic assays followed by polymerase chain reaction analyses identified the isolated strains as C perfringens type A, indicated by only being positive for the cpa gene that encodes the α-toxin. The birds were maintained in an exhibit in which patrons can interact with the animals within their environment. Thus, organisms, such as this pathogen, may present a danger for other birds because visitors could disperse the bacterium to other parts of the zoo. |
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Necrotic Enteritis Caused by Clostridium perfringens in Blue and Gold Macaws (Ara ararauna)Ara araraunaavianblue and gold macawclostridiosisClostridium perfringensendotoxemiamicrobiologymolecular assaypsittacine birdszooClostridium perfringens types A and C, which are gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria, can cause necrotic enteritis in birds. Although Clostridium perfringens is considered a commensal organism in the avian intestinal tract, in association with severe stress, other infectious agents, or immunosuppressive conditions, it can cause disease outbreaks. This report describes a disease occurrence of necrotic enteritis caused by C perfringens in macaws (Ara ararauna). Two adult male blue and gold macaws maintained in a zoo exhibit were presented for postmortem examinations after histories of sudden death. Based on the gross examinations and microscopic evaluation of submitted tissue from both birds, the cause of death was determined to be necrotic enteritis. Microbiologic assays followed by polymerase chain reaction analyses identified the isolated strains as C perfringens type A, indicated by only being positive for the cpa gene that encodes the α-toxin. The birds were maintained in an exhibit in which patrons can interact with the animals within their environment. Thus, organisms, such as this pathogen, may present a danger for other birds because visitors could disperse the bacterium to other parts of the zoo.Laboratórios de Patologia de Animais Selvagens Departamento de Patologia Veteriná Ria and Epidemiologia Molecular Departamento de Medicina Veteriná Ria Preventiva Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrá Rias e Veteriná Rias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/nMicrobiologia Departamento de Patologia Veteriná Ria and Epidemiologia Molecular Departamento de Medicina Veteriná Ria Preventiva Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrá Rias e Veteriná Rias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/nEpidemiologia Molecular Departamento de Patologia Veteriná Ria and Epidemiologia Molecular Departamento de Medicina Veteriná Ria Preventiva Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrá Rias e Veteriná Rias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/nLaboratórios de Patologia de Animais Selvagens Departamento de Patologia Veteriná Ria and Epidemiologia Molecular Departamento de Medicina Veteriná Ria Preventiva Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrá Rias e Veteriná Rias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/nMicrobiologia Departamento de Patologia Veteriná Ria and Epidemiologia Molecular Departamento de Medicina Veteriná Ria Preventiva Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrá Rias e Veteriná Rias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/nEpidemiologia Molecular Departamento de Patologia Veteriná Ria and Epidemiologia Molecular Departamento de Medicina Veteriná Ria Preventiva Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrá Rias e Veteriná Rias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/nUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)De Santi, Mariele [UNESP]Schocken-Iturrino, Rubén Pablo [UNESP]Casagrande, Mariana Froner [UNESP]Boarini, Lívia [UNESP]De Souza Pollo, Andressa [UNESP]Werther, Karin [UNESP]2020-12-12T02:38:34Z2020-12-12T02:38:34Z2020-03-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article65-69http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.65Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, v. 34, n. 1, p. 65-69, 2020.1082-6742http://hdl.handle.net/11449/20166410.1647/1082-6742-34.1.652-s2.0-85082792186Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengJournal of Avian Medicine and Surgeryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-10-22T20:49:03Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/201664Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462021-10-22T20:49:03Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Necrotic Enteritis Caused by Clostridium perfringens in Blue and Gold Macaws (Ara ararauna) |
title |
Necrotic Enteritis Caused by Clostridium perfringens in Blue and Gold Macaws (Ara ararauna) |
spellingShingle |
Necrotic Enteritis Caused by Clostridium perfringens in Blue and Gold Macaws (Ara ararauna) De Santi, Mariele [UNESP] Ara ararauna avian blue and gold macaw clostridiosis Clostridium perfringens endotoxemia microbiology molecular assay psittacine birds zoo |
title_short |
Necrotic Enteritis Caused by Clostridium perfringens in Blue and Gold Macaws (Ara ararauna) |
title_full |
Necrotic Enteritis Caused by Clostridium perfringens in Blue and Gold Macaws (Ara ararauna) |
title_fullStr |
Necrotic Enteritis Caused by Clostridium perfringens in Blue and Gold Macaws (Ara ararauna) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Necrotic Enteritis Caused by Clostridium perfringens in Blue and Gold Macaws (Ara ararauna) |
title_sort |
Necrotic Enteritis Caused by Clostridium perfringens in Blue and Gold Macaws (Ara ararauna) |
author |
De Santi, Mariele [UNESP] |
author_facet |
De Santi, Mariele [UNESP] Schocken-Iturrino, Rubén Pablo [UNESP] Casagrande, Mariana Froner [UNESP] Boarini, Lívia [UNESP] De Souza Pollo, Andressa [UNESP] Werther, Karin [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Schocken-Iturrino, Rubén Pablo [UNESP] Casagrande, Mariana Froner [UNESP] Boarini, Lívia [UNESP] De Souza Pollo, Andressa [UNESP] Werther, Karin [UNESP] |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
De Santi, Mariele [UNESP] Schocken-Iturrino, Rubén Pablo [UNESP] Casagrande, Mariana Froner [UNESP] Boarini, Lívia [UNESP] De Souza Pollo, Andressa [UNESP] Werther, Karin [UNESP] |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Ara ararauna avian blue and gold macaw clostridiosis Clostridium perfringens endotoxemia microbiology molecular assay psittacine birds zoo |
topic |
Ara ararauna avian blue and gold macaw clostridiosis Clostridium perfringens endotoxemia microbiology molecular assay psittacine birds zoo |
description |
Clostridium perfringens types A and C, which are gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria, can cause necrotic enteritis in birds. Although Clostridium perfringens is considered a commensal organism in the avian intestinal tract, in association with severe stress, other infectious agents, or immunosuppressive conditions, it can cause disease outbreaks. This report describes a disease occurrence of necrotic enteritis caused by C perfringens in macaws (Ara ararauna). Two adult male blue and gold macaws maintained in a zoo exhibit were presented for postmortem examinations after histories of sudden death. Based on the gross examinations and microscopic evaluation of submitted tissue from both birds, the cause of death was determined to be necrotic enteritis. Microbiologic assays followed by polymerase chain reaction analyses identified the isolated strains as C perfringens type A, indicated by only being positive for the cpa gene that encodes the α-toxin. The birds were maintained in an exhibit in which patrons can interact with the animals within their environment. Thus, organisms, such as this pathogen, may present a danger for other birds because visitors could disperse the bacterium to other parts of the zoo. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-12-12T02:38:34Z 2020-12-12T02:38:34Z 2020-03-01 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.65 Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, v. 34, n. 1, p. 65-69, 2020. 1082-6742 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/201664 10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.65 2-s2.0-85082792186 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.65 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/201664 |
identifier_str_mv |
Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, v. 34, n. 1, p. 65-69, 2020. 1082-6742 10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.65 2-s2.0-85082792186 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
65-69 |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1799965220185047040 |