Role of active morphing in the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings in formation flight
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5030090 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/222411 |
Resumo: | Migratory birds have the ability to save energy during flight by arranging themselves in a V-formation. This arrangement enables an increase in the overall efficiency of the group because the wake vortices shed by each of the birds provide additional lift and thrust to every member. Therefore, the aerodynamic advantages of such a flight arrangement can be exploited in the design process of micro air vehicles. One significant difference when comparing the anatomy of birds to the design of most micro air vehicles is that bird wings are not completely rigid. Birds have the ability to actively morph their wings during the flapping cycle. Given these aspects of avian flight, the objective of this work is to incorporate active bending and torsion into multiple pairs of flapping wings arranged in a V-formation and to investigate their aerodynamic behavior using the unsteady vortex lattice method. To do so, the first two bending and torsional mode shapes of a cantilever beam are considered and the aerodynamic characteristics of morphed wings for a range of V-formation angles, while changing the group size in order to determine the optimal configuration that results in maximum propulsive efficiency, are examined. The aerodynamic simulator incorporating the prescribed morphing is qualitatively verified using experimental data taken from trained kestrel flights. The simulation results demonstrate that coupled bending and twisting of the first mode shape yields the highest propulsive efficiency over a range of formation angles. Furthermore, the optimal configuration in terms of propulsive efficiency is found to be a five-body V-formation incorporating coupled bending and twisting of the first mode at a formation angle of 140 degrees. These results indicate the potential improvement in the aerodynamic performance of the formation flight when introducing active morphing and bioinspiration. |
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Role of active morphing in the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings in formation flightActive morphingAerodynamic performanceFlapping wingsFormation flightV-shape arrangementMigratory birds have the ability to save energy during flight by arranging themselves in a V-formation. This arrangement enables an increase in the overall efficiency of the group because the wake vortices shed by each of the birds provide additional lift and thrust to every member. Therefore, the aerodynamic advantages of such a flight arrangement can be exploited in the design process of micro air vehicles. One significant difference when comparing the anatomy of birds to the design of most micro air vehicles is that bird wings are not completely rigid. Birds have the ability to actively morph their wings during the flapping cycle. Given these aspects of avian flight, the objective of this work is to incorporate active bending and torsion into multiple pairs of flapping wings arranged in a V-formation and to investigate their aerodynamic behavior using the unsteady vortex lattice method. To do so, the first two bending and torsional mode shapes of a cantilever beam are considered and the aerodynamic characteristics of morphed wings for a range of V-formation angles, while changing the group size in order to determine the optimal configuration that results in maximum propulsive efficiency, are examined. The aerodynamic simulator incorporating the prescribed morphing is qualitatively verified using experimental data taken from trained kestrel flights. The simulation results demonstrate that coupled bending and twisting of the first mode shape yields the highest propulsive efficiency over a range of formation angles. Furthermore, the optimal configuration in terms of propulsive efficiency is found to be a five-body V-formation incorporating coupled bending and twisting of the first mode at a formation angle of 140 degrees. These results indicate the potential improvement in the aerodynamic performance of the formation flight when introducing active morphing and bioinspiration.National Science FoundationNational Cancer InstituteDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering New Mexico State UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering American University of SharjahCampus of São João da Boa Vista São Paulo State University (UNESP)Campus of São João da Boa Vista São Paulo State University (UNESP)National Science Foundation: OAC-2019000National Cancer Institute: U54 CA132383New Mexico State UniversityAmerican University of SharjahUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Billingsley, EthanGhommem, MehdiVasconcellos, Rui [UNESP]Abdelkefi, Abdessattar2022-04-28T19:44:36Z2022-04-28T19:44:36Z2021-09-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5030090Drones, v. 5, n. 3, 2021.2504-446Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/22241110.3390/drones50300902-s2.0-85114883524Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengDronesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2022-04-28T19:44:36Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/222411Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462022-04-28T19:44:36Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Role of active morphing in the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings in formation flight |
title |
Role of active morphing in the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings in formation flight |
spellingShingle |
Role of active morphing in the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings in formation flight Billingsley, Ethan Active morphing Aerodynamic performance Flapping wings Formation flight V-shape arrangement |
title_short |
Role of active morphing in the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings in formation flight |
title_full |
Role of active morphing in the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings in formation flight |
title_fullStr |
Role of active morphing in the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings in formation flight |
title_full_unstemmed |
Role of active morphing in the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings in formation flight |
title_sort |
Role of active morphing in the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings in formation flight |
author |
Billingsley, Ethan |
author_facet |
Billingsley, Ethan Ghommem, Mehdi Vasconcellos, Rui [UNESP] Abdelkefi, Abdessattar |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Ghommem, Mehdi Vasconcellos, Rui [UNESP] Abdelkefi, Abdessattar |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
New Mexico State University American University of Sharjah Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Billingsley, Ethan Ghommem, Mehdi Vasconcellos, Rui [UNESP] Abdelkefi, Abdessattar |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Active morphing Aerodynamic performance Flapping wings Formation flight V-shape arrangement |
topic |
Active morphing Aerodynamic performance Flapping wings Formation flight V-shape arrangement |
description |
Migratory birds have the ability to save energy during flight by arranging themselves in a V-formation. This arrangement enables an increase in the overall efficiency of the group because the wake vortices shed by each of the birds provide additional lift and thrust to every member. Therefore, the aerodynamic advantages of such a flight arrangement can be exploited in the design process of micro air vehicles. One significant difference when comparing the anatomy of birds to the design of most micro air vehicles is that bird wings are not completely rigid. Birds have the ability to actively morph their wings during the flapping cycle. Given these aspects of avian flight, the objective of this work is to incorporate active bending and torsion into multiple pairs of flapping wings arranged in a V-formation and to investigate their aerodynamic behavior using the unsteady vortex lattice method. To do so, the first two bending and torsional mode shapes of a cantilever beam are considered and the aerodynamic characteristics of morphed wings for a range of V-formation angles, while changing the group size in order to determine the optimal configuration that results in maximum propulsive efficiency, are examined. The aerodynamic simulator incorporating the prescribed morphing is qualitatively verified using experimental data taken from trained kestrel flights. The simulation results demonstrate that coupled bending and twisting of the first mode shape yields the highest propulsive efficiency over a range of formation angles. Furthermore, the optimal configuration in terms of propulsive efficiency is found to be a five-body V-formation incorporating coupled bending and twisting of the first mode at a formation angle of 140 degrees. These results indicate the potential improvement in the aerodynamic performance of the formation flight when introducing active morphing and bioinspiration. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-09-01 2022-04-28T19:44:36Z 2022-04-28T19:44:36Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5030090 Drones, v. 5, n. 3, 2021. 2504-446X http://hdl.handle.net/11449/222411 10.3390/drones5030090 2-s2.0-85114883524 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5030090 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/222411 |
identifier_str_mv |
Drones, v. 5, n. 3, 2021. 2504-446X 10.3390/drones5030090 2-s2.0-85114883524 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Drones |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1803649524880637952 |