Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2011 |
Outros Autores: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://www.ufrgs.br/actavet/39-suple-1/17%20Supl_s105-s111.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11449/73024 |
Resumo: | Background: Doppler ultrasonography is a non-invasive real time pulse-wave technique recently used for the transrectal study of the reproductive system hemodynamics in large animals. This technic is based in the Doppler Effect Principle that proposes the change in frequency of a wave for an observer (red blood cells) moving relative to the source of the respective wave (ultrasonic transducer). This method had showed to be effective and useful for the evaluation of the in vivo equine reproductive tract increasing the diagnostic, monitoring, and predictive capabilities of theriogenology in mares. However, an accurate and truthful ultrasonic exam requires the previous knowledge of the Doppler ultrasonography principles. Review: In recent years, the capabilities of ultrasound flow imaging have increased enormously. The current Doppler ultrasound machines offer three methods of evaluation that may be used simultaneously (triplex mode). In B-mode ultrasound, a linear array of transducers simultaneously scans a plane through the tissue that can be viewed as a two-dimensional gray-scale image on screen. This mode is primarily used to identify anatomically a structure for its posterior evaluation using colored ultrasound modes (Color or Spectral modes). Colored ultrasound images of flow, whether Color or Spectral modes, are essentially obtained from measurements of moving red cells. In Color mode, velocity information is presented as a color coded overlay on top of a B-mode image, while Pulsed Wave Doppler provides a measure of the changing velocity throughout the cardiac cycle and the distribution of velocities in the sample volume represented by a spectral graphic. Color images conception varies according to the Doppler Frequency that is the difference between the frequency of received echoes by moving blood red cells and wave frequency transmitted by the transducer. To produce an adequate spectral graphic it is important determine the position and size of the simple gate. Furthermore, blood flow velocity measurement is influence by the intersection angle between ultrasonic pulses and the direction of moving blood-red cells (Doppler angle). Objectively colored ultrasound exam may be done on large arteries of the reproductive tract, as uterine and ovary arteries, or directly on the target tissue (follicle, for example). Mesovarium and mesometrium attachment arteries also can be used for spectral evaluation of the equine reproductive system. Subjectively analysis of the ovarian and uterine vascular perfusion must be done directly on the corpus luteum, follicular wall and uterus (endometrium and myometrium associated), respectively. Power-flow imaging has greater sensitivity to weak blood flow and independent of the Doppler angle, improving the evaluation of vessels with small diameters and slow blood flow. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasonography principles, methods of evaluation and reproductive system anatomy have been described. This knowledge is essential for the competent equipment acquisition and precise collection and analysis of colored ultrasound images. Otherwise, the reporting of inconsistent and not reproducible findings may result in the discredit of Doppler technology ahead of the scientific veterinary community. |
id |
UNSP_8d528ca83c2024327aac5c6307e858a7 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/73024 |
network_acronym_str |
UNSP |
network_name_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository_id_str |
2946 |
spelling |
Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in maresBlood-red cellsColor-flowDoppler ultrasound imagingHemodynamicsPower-flowSpectrumAnimaliaEquidaeBackground: Doppler ultrasonography is a non-invasive real time pulse-wave technique recently used for the transrectal study of the reproductive system hemodynamics in large animals. This technic is based in the Doppler Effect Principle that proposes the change in frequency of a wave for an observer (red blood cells) moving relative to the source of the respective wave (ultrasonic transducer). This method had showed to be effective and useful for the evaluation of the in vivo equine reproductive tract increasing the diagnostic, monitoring, and predictive capabilities of theriogenology in mares. However, an accurate and truthful ultrasonic exam requires the previous knowledge of the Doppler ultrasonography principles. Review: In recent years, the capabilities of ultrasound flow imaging have increased enormously. The current Doppler ultrasound machines offer three methods of evaluation that may be used simultaneously (triplex mode). In B-mode ultrasound, a linear array of transducers simultaneously scans a plane through the tissue that can be viewed as a two-dimensional gray-scale image on screen. This mode is primarily used to identify anatomically a structure for its posterior evaluation using colored ultrasound modes (Color or Spectral modes). Colored ultrasound images of flow, whether Color or Spectral modes, are essentially obtained from measurements of moving red cells. In Color mode, velocity information is presented as a color coded overlay on top of a B-mode image, while Pulsed Wave Doppler provides a measure of the changing velocity throughout the cardiac cycle and the distribution of velocities in the sample volume represented by a spectral graphic. Color images conception varies according to the Doppler Frequency that is the difference between the frequency of received echoes by moving blood red cells and wave frequency transmitted by the transducer. To produce an adequate spectral graphic it is important determine the position and size of the simple gate. Furthermore, blood flow velocity measurement is influence by the intersection angle between ultrasonic pulses and the direction of moving blood-red cells (Doppler angle). Objectively colored ultrasound exam may be done on large arteries of the reproductive tract, as uterine and ovary arteries, or directly on the target tissue (follicle, for example). Mesovarium and mesometrium attachment arteries also can be used for spectral evaluation of the equine reproductive system. Subjectively analysis of the ovarian and uterine vascular perfusion must be done directly on the corpus luteum, follicular wall and uterus (endometrium and myometrium associated), respectively. Power-flow imaging has greater sensitivity to weak blood flow and independent of the Doppler angle, improving the evaluation of vessels with small diameters and slow blood flow. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasonography principles, methods of evaluation and reproductive system anatomy have been described. This knowledge is essential for the competent equipment acquisition and precise collection and analysis of colored ultrasound images. Otherwise, the reporting of inconsistent and not reproducible findings may result in the discredit of Doppler technology ahead of the scientific veterinary community.Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária, Botucatu, SPFaculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária, Botucatu, SPUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Ferreira, Jair Camargo [UNESP]Ignácio, Fernanda Saules [UNESP]Meira, Cezinande de [UNESP]2014-05-27T11:26:18Z2014-05-27T11:26:18Z2011-12-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://www.ufrgs.br/actavet/39-suple-1/17%20Supl_s105-s111.pdfActa Scientiae Veterinariae, v. 39, n. SUPPL. 1, 2011.1678-03451679-9216http://hdl.handle.net/11449/730242-s2.0-848686098912-s2.0-84868609891.pdf00429054157111990000-0002-2245-800XScopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengActa Scientiae Veterinariae0.2170,1440,144info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-09-09T14:01:31Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/73024Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestrepositoriounesp@unesp.bropendoar:29462024-09-09T14:01:31Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares |
title |
Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares |
spellingShingle |
Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares Ferreira, Jair Camargo [UNESP] Blood-red cells Color-flow Doppler ultrasound imaging Hemodynamics Power-flow Spectrum Animalia Equidae |
title_short |
Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares |
title_full |
Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares |
title_fullStr |
Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares |
title_full_unstemmed |
Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares |
title_sort |
Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares |
author |
Ferreira, Jair Camargo [UNESP] |
author_facet |
Ferreira, Jair Camargo [UNESP] Ignácio, Fernanda Saules [UNESP] Meira, Cezinande de [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Ignácio, Fernanda Saules [UNESP] Meira, Cezinande de [UNESP] |
author2_role |
author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Ferreira, Jair Camargo [UNESP] Ignácio, Fernanda Saules [UNESP] Meira, Cezinande de [UNESP] |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Blood-red cells Color-flow Doppler ultrasound imaging Hemodynamics Power-flow Spectrum Animalia Equidae |
topic |
Blood-red cells Color-flow Doppler ultrasound imaging Hemodynamics Power-flow Spectrum Animalia Equidae |
description |
Background: Doppler ultrasonography is a non-invasive real time pulse-wave technique recently used for the transrectal study of the reproductive system hemodynamics in large animals. This technic is based in the Doppler Effect Principle that proposes the change in frequency of a wave for an observer (red blood cells) moving relative to the source of the respective wave (ultrasonic transducer). This method had showed to be effective and useful for the evaluation of the in vivo equine reproductive tract increasing the diagnostic, monitoring, and predictive capabilities of theriogenology in mares. However, an accurate and truthful ultrasonic exam requires the previous knowledge of the Doppler ultrasonography principles. Review: In recent years, the capabilities of ultrasound flow imaging have increased enormously. The current Doppler ultrasound machines offer three methods of evaluation that may be used simultaneously (triplex mode). In B-mode ultrasound, a linear array of transducers simultaneously scans a plane through the tissue that can be viewed as a two-dimensional gray-scale image on screen. This mode is primarily used to identify anatomically a structure for its posterior evaluation using colored ultrasound modes (Color or Spectral modes). Colored ultrasound images of flow, whether Color or Spectral modes, are essentially obtained from measurements of moving red cells. In Color mode, velocity information is presented as a color coded overlay on top of a B-mode image, while Pulsed Wave Doppler provides a measure of the changing velocity throughout the cardiac cycle and the distribution of velocities in the sample volume represented by a spectral graphic. Color images conception varies according to the Doppler Frequency that is the difference between the frequency of received echoes by moving blood red cells and wave frequency transmitted by the transducer. To produce an adequate spectral graphic it is important determine the position and size of the simple gate. Furthermore, blood flow velocity measurement is influence by the intersection angle between ultrasonic pulses and the direction of moving blood-red cells (Doppler angle). Objectively colored ultrasound exam may be done on large arteries of the reproductive tract, as uterine and ovary arteries, or directly on the target tissue (follicle, for example). Mesovarium and mesometrium attachment arteries also can be used for spectral evaluation of the equine reproductive system. Subjectively analysis of the ovarian and uterine vascular perfusion must be done directly on the corpus luteum, follicular wall and uterus (endometrium and myometrium associated), respectively. Power-flow imaging has greater sensitivity to weak blood flow and independent of the Doppler angle, improving the evaluation of vessels with small diameters and slow blood flow. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasonography principles, methods of evaluation and reproductive system anatomy have been described. This knowledge is essential for the competent equipment acquisition and precise collection and analysis of colored ultrasound images. Otherwise, the reporting of inconsistent and not reproducible findings may result in the discredit of Doppler technology ahead of the scientific veterinary community. |
publishDate |
2011 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2011-12-01 2014-05-27T11:26:18Z 2014-05-27T11:26:18Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://www.ufrgs.br/actavet/39-suple-1/17%20Supl_s105-s111.pdf Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, v. 39, n. SUPPL. 1, 2011. 1678-0345 1679-9216 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/73024 2-s2.0-84868609891 2-s2.0-84868609891.pdf 0042905415711199 0000-0002-2245-800X |
url |
http://www.ufrgs.br/actavet/39-suple-1/17%20Supl_s105-s111.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11449/73024 |
identifier_str_mv |
Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, v. 39, n. SUPPL. 1, 2011. 1678-0345 1679-9216 2-s2.0-84868609891 2-s2.0-84868609891.pdf 0042905415711199 0000-0002-2245-800X |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 0.217 0,144 0,144 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositoriounesp@unesp.br |
_version_ |
1813546584993955840 |