Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Jair Camargo [UNESP]
Data de Publicação: 2011
Outros Autores: Ignácio, Fernanda Saules [UNESP], Meira, Cezinande de [UNESP]
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
Texto Completo: http://www.ufrgs.br/actavet/39-suple-1/17%20Supl_s105-s111.pdf
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/73024
Resumo: Background: Doppler ultrasonography is a non-invasive real time pulse-wave technique recently used for the transrectal study of the reproductive system hemodynamics in large animals. This technic is based in the Doppler Effect Principle that proposes the change in frequency of a wave for an observer (red blood cells) moving relative to the source of the respective wave (ultrasonic transducer). This method had showed to be effective and useful for the evaluation of the in vivo equine reproductive tract increasing the diagnostic, monitoring, and predictive capabilities of theriogenology in mares. However, an accurate and truthful ultrasonic exam requires the previous knowledge of the Doppler ultrasonography principles. Review: In recent years, the capabilities of ultrasound flow imaging have increased enormously. The current Doppler ultrasound machines offer three methods of evaluation that may be used simultaneously (triplex mode). In B-mode ultrasound, a linear array of transducers simultaneously scans a plane through the tissue that can be viewed as a two-dimensional gray-scale image on screen. This mode is primarily used to identify anatomically a structure for its posterior evaluation using colored ultrasound modes (Color or Spectral modes). Colored ultrasound images of flow, whether Color or Spectral modes, are essentially obtained from measurements of moving red cells. In Color mode, velocity information is presented as a color coded overlay on top of a B-mode image, while Pulsed Wave Doppler provides a measure of the changing velocity throughout the cardiac cycle and the distribution of velocities in the sample volume represented by a spectral graphic. Color images conception varies according to the Doppler Frequency that is the difference between the frequency of received echoes by moving blood red cells and wave frequency transmitted by the transducer. To produce an adequate spectral graphic it is important determine the position and size of the simple gate. Furthermore, blood flow velocity measurement is influence by the intersection angle between ultrasonic pulses and the direction of moving blood-red cells (Doppler angle). Objectively colored ultrasound exam may be done on large arteries of the reproductive tract, as uterine and ovary arteries, or directly on the target tissue (follicle, for example). Mesovarium and mesometrium attachment arteries also can be used for spectral evaluation of the equine reproductive system. Subjectively analysis of the ovarian and uterine vascular perfusion must be done directly on the corpus luteum, follicular wall and uterus (endometrium and myometrium associated), respectively. Power-flow imaging has greater sensitivity to weak blood flow and independent of the Doppler angle, improving the evaluation of vessels with small diameters and slow blood flow. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasonography principles, methods of evaluation and reproductive system anatomy have been described. This knowledge is essential for the competent equipment acquisition and precise collection and analysis of colored ultrasound images. Otherwise, the reporting of inconsistent and not reproducible findings may result in the discredit of Doppler technology ahead of the scientific veterinary community.
id UNSP_8d528ca83c2024327aac5c6307e858a7
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/73024
network_acronym_str UNSP
network_name_str Repositório Institucional da UNESP
repository_id_str 2946
spelling Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in maresBlood-red cellsColor-flowDoppler ultrasound imagingHemodynamicsPower-flowSpectrumAnimaliaEquidaeBackground: Doppler ultrasonography is a non-invasive real time pulse-wave technique recently used for the transrectal study of the reproductive system hemodynamics in large animals. This technic is based in the Doppler Effect Principle that proposes the change in frequency of a wave for an observer (red blood cells) moving relative to the source of the respective wave (ultrasonic transducer). This method had showed to be effective and useful for the evaluation of the in vivo equine reproductive tract increasing the diagnostic, monitoring, and predictive capabilities of theriogenology in mares. However, an accurate and truthful ultrasonic exam requires the previous knowledge of the Doppler ultrasonography principles. Review: In recent years, the capabilities of ultrasound flow imaging have increased enormously. The current Doppler ultrasound machines offer three methods of evaluation that may be used simultaneously (triplex mode). In B-mode ultrasound, a linear array of transducers simultaneously scans a plane through the tissue that can be viewed as a two-dimensional gray-scale image on screen. This mode is primarily used to identify anatomically a structure for its posterior evaluation using colored ultrasound modes (Color or Spectral modes). Colored ultrasound images of flow, whether Color or Spectral modes, are essentially obtained from measurements of moving red cells. In Color mode, velocity information is presented as a color coded overlay on top of a B-mode image, while Pulsed Wave Doppler provides a measure of the changing velocity throughout the cardiac cycle and the distribution of velocities in the sample volume represented by a spectral graphic. Color images conception varies according to the Doppler Frequency that is the difference between the frequency of received echoes by moving blood red cells and wave frequency transmitted by the transducer. To produce an adequate spectral graphic it is important determine the position and size of the simple gate. Furthermore, blood flow velocity measurement is influence by the intersection angle between ultrasonic pulses and the direction of moving blood-red cells (Doppler angle). Objectively colored ultrasound exam may be done on large arteries of the reproductive tract, as uterine and ovary arteries, or directly on the target tissue (follicle, for example). Mesovarium and mesometrium attachment arteries also can be used for spectral evaluation of the equine reproductive system. Subjectively analysis of the ovarian and uterine vascular perfusion must be done directly on the corpus luteum, follicular wall and uterus (endometrium and myometrium associated), respectively. Power-flow imaging has greater sensitivity to weak blood flow and independent of the Doppler angle, improving the evaluation of vessels with small diameters and slow blood flow. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasonography principles, methods of evaluation and reproductive system anatomy have been described. This knowledge is essential for the competent equipment acquisition and precise collection and analysis of colored ultrasound images. Otherwise, the reporting of inconsistent and not reproducible findings may result in the discredit of Doppler technology ahead of the scientific veterinary community.Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária, Botucatu, SPFaculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária, Botucatu, SPUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Ferreira, Jair Camargo [UNESP]Ignácio, Fernanda Saules [UNESP]Meira, Cezinande de [UNESP]2014-05-27T11:26:18Z2014-05-27T11:26:18Z2011-12-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://www.ufrgs.br/actavet/39-suple-1/17%20Supl_s105-s111.pdfActa Scientiae Veterinariae, v. 39, n. SUPPL. 1, 2011.1678-03451679-9216http://hdl.handle.net/11449/730242-s2.0-848686098912-s2.0-84868609891.pdf00429054157111990000-0002-2245-800XScopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengActa Scientiae Veterinariae0.2170,1440,144info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-09-09T14:01:31Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/73024Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestrepositoriounesp@unesp.bropendoar:29462024-09-09T14:01:31Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares
title Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares
spellingShingle Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares
Ferreira, Jair Camargo [UNESP]
Blood-red cells
Color-flow
Doppler ultrasound imaging
Hemodynamics
Power-flow
Spectrum
Animalia
Equidae
title_short Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares
title_full Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares
title_fullStr Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares
title_full_unstemmed Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares
title_sort Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares
author Ferreira, Jair Camargo [UNESP]
author_facet Ferreira, Jair Camargo [UNESP]
Ignácio, Fernanda Saules [UNESP]
Meira, Cezinande de [UNESP]
author_role author
author2 Ignácio, Fernanda Saules [UNESP]
Meira, Cezinande de [UNESP]
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Ferreira, Jair Camargo [UNESP]
Ignácio, Fernanda Saules [UNESP]
Meira, Cezinande de [UNESP]
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Blood-red cells
Color-flow
Doppler ultrasound imaging
Hemodynamics
Power-flow
Spectrum
Animalia
Equidae
topic Blood-red cells
Color-flow
Doppler ultrasound imaging
Hemodynamics
Power-flow
Spectrum
Animalia
Equidae
description Background: Doppler ultrasonography is a non-invasive real time pulse-wave technique recently used for the transrectal study of the reproductive system hemodynamics in large animals. This technic is based in the Doppler Effect Principle that proposes the change in frequency of a wave for an observer (red blood cells) moving relative to the source of the respective wave (ultrasonic transducer). This method had showed to be effective and useful for the evaluation of the in vivo equine reproductive tract increasing the diagnostic, monitoring, and predictive capabilities of theriogenology in mares. However, an accurate and truthful ultrasonic exam requires the previous knowledge of the Doppler ultrasonography principles. Review: In recent years, the capabilities of ultrasound flow imaging have increased enormously. The current Doppler ultrasound machines offer three methods of evaluation that may be used simultaneously (triplex mode). In B-mode ultrasound, a linear array of transducers simultaneously scans a plane through the tissue that can be viewed as a two-dimensional gray-scale image on screen. This mode is primarily used to identify anatomically a structure for its posterior evaluation using colored ultrasound modes (Color or Spectral modes). Colored ultrasound images of flow, whether Color or Spectral modes, are essentially obtained from measurements of moving red cells. In Color mode, velocity information is presented as a color coded overlay on top of a B-mode image, while Pulsed Wave Doppler provides a measure of the changing velocity throughout the cardiac cycle and the distribution of velocities in the sample volume represented by a spectral graphic. Color images conception varies according to the Doppler Frequency that is the difference between the frequency of received echoes by moving blood red cells and wave frequency transmitted by the transducer. To produce an adequate spectral graphic it is important determine the position and size of the simple gate. Furthermore, blood flow velocity measurement is influence by the intersection angle between ultrasonic pulses and the direction of moving blood-red cells (Doppler angle). Objectively colored ultrasound exam may be done on large arteries of the reproductive tract, as uterine and ovary arteries, or directly on the target tissue (follicle, for example). Mesovarium and mesometrium attachment arteries also can be used for spectral evaluation of the equine reproductive system. Subjectively analysis of the ovarian and uterine vascular perfusion must be done directly on the corpus luteum, follicular wall and uterus (endometrium and myometrium associated), respectively. Power-flow imaging has greater sensitivity to weak blood flow and independent of the Doppler angle, improving the evaluation of vessels with small diameters and slow blood flow. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasonography principles, methods of evaluation and reproductive system anatomy have been described. This knowledge is essential for the competent equipment acquisition and precise collection and analysis of colored ultrasound images. Otherwise, the reporting of inconsistent and not reproducible findings may result in the discredit of Doppler technology ahead of the scientific veterinary community.
publishDate 2011
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2011-12-01
2014-05-27T11:26:18Z
2014-05-27T11:26:18Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://www.ufrgs.br/actavet/39-suple-1/17%20Supl_s105-s111.pdf
Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, v. 39, n. SUPPL. 1, 2011.
1678-0345
1679-9216
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/73024
2-s2.0-84868609891
2-s2.0-84868609891.pdf
0042905415711199
0000-0002-2245-800X
url http://www.ufrgs.br/actavet/39-suple-1/17%20Supl_s105-s111.pdf
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/73024
identifier_str_mv Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, v. 39, n. SUPPL. 1, 2011.
1678-0345
1679-9216
2-s2.0-84868609891
2-s2.0-84868609891.pdf
0042905415711199
0000-0002-2245-800X
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Acta Scientiae Veterinariae
0.217
0,144
0,144
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Scopus
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP
instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron:UNESP
instname_str Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron_str UNESP
institution UNESP
reponame_str Repositório Institucional da UNESP
collection Repositório Institucional da UNESP
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositoriounesp@unesp.br
_version_ 1813546584993955840