Dominance and Leadership in the Equine Social Structure: A Preliminary Study About Mules and Sex Influence
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103392 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/205942 |
Resumo: | Little is known about the dominance and leadership behaviors in the social structure of mules (Equus caballus × Equus asinus). Based on the frequency of threat and aggressive behaviors, we compared the social structure, dominance, and leadership of independent groups of mules and horses (n = 11 per group), and filmed the frequency of these behaviors over a period of four days. In both groups, aggressions were uncommon and, when based on threats, the social structure was linear and consistent with males ranking higher in dominance. When compared to horses, mules exhibited some agonistic social interactions without a recognized submissive individual and displayed more specific aggressive behaviors, whereas horses presented more specific threat behaviors. Comparing between groups, mares exhibited more leader behaviors than female mules, in contrast to male horses which showed fewer leader behaviors than male mules. Regarding behaviors within the mule group, males showed more leader and threat behaviors than females, while females showed more frequent aggression. While in horses, the females showed more leader behaviors than male horses and, although there were differences in specific agonistic behaviors, both sexes presented more often threat behaviors. In this preliminary study, we conclude that the social structure of mules, although similar to those of horses, showed to be less stable, since it involves more aggression and agonistic social interactions without a submissive. Moreover, although mules did not present a sex influence on leadership as horses did, they presented it on aggression: females showed more aggression than males. |
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Dominance and Leadership in the Equine Social Structure: A Preliminary Study About Mules and Sex InfluenceBehaviorDominanceHierarchyLeadershipMulesLittle is known about the dominance and leadership behaviors in the social structure of mules (Equus caballus × Equus asinus). Based on the frequency of threat and aggressive behaviors, we compared the social structure, dominance, and leadership of independent groups of mules and horses (n = 11 per group), and filmed the frequency of these behaviors over a period of four days. In both groups, aggressions were uncommon and, when based on threats, the social structure was linear and consistent with males ranking higher in dominance. When compared to horses, mules exhibited some agonistic social interactions without a recognized submissive individual and displayed more specific aggressive behaviors, whereas horses presented more specific threat behaviors. Comparing between groups, mares exhibited more leader behaviors than female mules, in contrast to male horses which showed fewer leader behaviors than male mules. Regarding behaviors within the mule group, males showed more leader and threat behaviors than females, while females showed more frequent aggression. While in horses, the females showed more leader behaviors than male horses and, although there were differences in specific agonistic behaviors, both sexes presented more often threat behaviors. In this preliminary study, we conclude that the social structure of mules, although similar to those of horses, showed to be less stable, since it involves more aggression and agonistic social interactions without a submissive. Moreover, although mules did not present a sex influence on leadership as horses did, they presented it on aggression: females showed more aggression than males.São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal SienceConsciência Animal Initiative – Advisory Consultancy and Solutions on Animal Behavior and WelfareGilsonVolpato institute of Scientific EducationSão Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal SienceUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Consultancy and Solutions on Animal Behavior and WelfareGilsonVolpato institute of Scientific EducationNarciso, Matheus H.P.M. [UNESP]da Luz, Marina P.F. [UNESP]Maia, Caroline M.Filho, José Nicolau P.P. [UNESP]2021-06-25T10:23:59Z2021-06-25T10:23:59Z2021-04-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103392Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, v. 99.0737-0806http://hdl.handle.net/11449/20594210.1016/j.jevs.2021.1033922-s2.0-85101422360Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengJournal of Equine Veterinary Scienceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-10-22T20:04:26Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/205942Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T18:38:07.845221Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Dominance and Leadership in the Equine Social Structure: A Preliminary Study About Mules and Sex Influence |
title |
Dominance and Leadership in the Equine Social Structure: A Preliminary Study About Mules and Sex Influence |
spellingShingle |
Dominance and Leadership in the Equine Social Structure: A Preliminary Study About Mules and Sex Influence Narciso, Matheus H.P.M. [UNESP] Behavior Dominance Hierarchy Leadership Mules |
title_short |
Dominance and Leadership in the Equine Social Structure: A Preliminary Study About Mules and Sex Influence |
title_full |
Dominance and Leadership in the Equine Social Structure: A Preliminary Study About Mules and Sex Influence |
title_fullStr |
Dominance and Leadership in the Equine Social Structure: A Preliminary Study About Mules and Sex Influence |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dominance and Leadership in the Equine Social Structure: A Preliminary Study About Mules and Sex Influence |
title_sort |
Dominance and Leadership in the Equine Social Structure: A Preliminary Study About Mules and Sex Influence |
author |
Narciso, Matheus H.P.M. [UNESP] |
author_facet |
Narciso, Matheus H.P.M. [UNESP] da Luz, Marina P.F. [UNESP] Maia, Caroline M. Filho, José Nicolau P.P. [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
da Luz, Marina P.F. [UNESP] Maia, Caroline M. Filho, José Nicolau P.P. [UNESP] |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Consultancy and Solutions on Animal Behavior and Welfare GilsonVolpato institute of Scientific Education |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Narciso, Matheus H.P.M. [UNESP] da Luz, Marina P.F. [UNESP] Maia, Caroline M. Filho, José Nicolau P.P. [UNESP] |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Behavior Dominance Hierarchy Leadership Mules |
topic |
Behavior Dominance Hierarchy Leadership Mules |
description |
Little is known about the dominance and leadership behaviors in the social structure of mules (Equus caballus × Equus asinus). Based on the frequency of threat and aggressive behaviors, we compared the social structure, dominance, and leadership of independent groups of mules and horses (n = 11 per group), and filmed the frequency of these behaviors over a period of four days. In both groups, aggressions were uncommon and, when based on threats, the social structure was linear and consistent with males ranking higher in dominance. When compared to horses, mules exhibited some agonistic social interactions without a recognized submissive individual and displayed more specific aggressive behaviors, whereas horses presented more specific threat behaviors. Comparing between groups, mares exhibited more leader behaviors than female mules, in contrast to male horses which showed fewer leader behaviors than male mules. Regarding behaviors within the mule group, males showed more leader and threat behaviors than females, while females showed more frequent aggression. While in horses, the females showed more leader behaviors than male horses and, although there were differences in specific agonistic behaviors, both sexes presented more often threat behaviors. In this preliminary study, we conclude that the social structure of mules, although similar to those of horses, showed to be less stable, since it involves more aggression and agonistic social interactions without a submissive. Moreover, although mules did not present a sex influence on leadership as horses did, they presented it on aggression: females showed more aggression than males. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-25T10:23:59Z 2021-06-25T10:23:59Z 2021-04-01 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103392 Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, v. 99. 0737-0806 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/205942 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103392 2-s2.0-85101422360 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103392 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/205942 |
identifier_str_mv |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, v. 99. 0737-0806 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103392 2-s2.0-85101422360 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1808128956875931648 |