Desafios da concretização da cidadania ambiental em reservas extrativistas

• Autor(a) principal: Matos, Raimundo Giovanni França
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do Mackenzie
• Texto Completo: http://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/23142
• topic: cidadania ambiental; participação pública; Estado de Direito ambiental; reservas extrativistas; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO::DIREITOS ESPECIAIS

The present thesis aimed to analyze how environmental citizenship models the State, notably a State of Environmental Law that emerged in Brazil, with emphasis on citizen participation in the management of conservation units. This may resignify the very relationship of humans to nature. In this context, the study of extractive reserves, a unit of conservation of sustainable use, was taken as a reference, when analyzing its management, to demonstrate the challenges of consolidating democratic practices identified in its deliberative councils. The analysis of the evolution of the relation between the human being and the nature is fundamental to understand a paradigm change in the appropriation of the nature resulting from an irreparable fault in the form of its exploration. In contextualizing this discussion, it was initially observed the formation of the State and its development, considering the very evolution of citizenship, from the perspective of the colonization of Brazil. The study of the development and trajectory of citizenship was carried out in order to understand the issue of social participation, the struggle and conquest for rights throughout history, including considering the evolution of citizenship from the Brazilian reality. The study made it possible to verify the importance of environmental education in citizen training and awareness of environmental duties and rights, including the historical formation of an environmental justice understanding through the participation of social groups, creation and formation of public policies to better involve civil society and the need for historical analysis of traditional populations and communities, considering their cultural identity, relations with nature, their own economy and specific relations regarding the territory they occupy and with society in general. Thus, it was important to verify the evolution of the legislation regarding policies to protect traditional communities, guarantee their rights and strengthen their participation in environmental issues, analyzing the difficulties specifically faced by extractive reserves, participation in their management and deliberative councils, considering its historical constitution, involvement of traditional communities, understanding of its legal process of creation. The research methodology considered consultation with the ICMBio through electronic means, which was frustrated by the lack of response, against the principle of information, with prediction in both constitutional, infraconstitutional and international agreements. In the absence of information, another analysis is carried out in graphs available in the reports of institutes regularly created to regulate extractive reserves, allowing the evaluation of citizen participation, from the processes of creation of extractive reserves to the implementation of the co-management through its deliberative councils and execution of management plans, identifying democratic practices that comply with the principles and objectives of a State of Environmental Law based on citizen participation. Even though deliberative councils and management plans are highlighted, their implementation does not occur in the same proportion, making it difficult to identify advances in the implementation of extractive reserves, although the participation of the traditional population in the extractive reserves has followed a path of relation between human beings and nature and affirmation of environmental citizenship, especially regarding the management of the conservation unit.