Sistemas de cultivo da palma forrageira irrigada no semiárido potiguar

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: DANTAS, Fernanda Daniele Gonçalves
Data de Publicação: 2019
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8412
Resumo: Cactus pear is strategically important as food support for livestock in the semiarid region of Brazil, however, some localities do not have adequate climate for its full development, requiring hydric complementation. Two experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019 in Apodi - RN- Brazil. In the first trial the objective was to evaluate the effects of salinity levels of irrigation water (0.1, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 dS m-1) and the presence or absence of soil cover with rice husk on morphophysiology and productivity of spineless forage cactus IPA Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera) in two annual cycles. The treatments were randomized in strip plot scheme, in a randomized block design. Salinity levels were applied in the plots, and the soil cover in the subplots with four replicates. The average drip irrigation depth was 4.0 mm week-1. The interaction between salinity levels and years was significant (P <0.05) for fresh matter (FMP) and dry matter (DMP) productivity, water use efficiency (WUE) and cladode thickness characteristics, with negative responses to higher salinity levels only in the first year and absence of effects in the second year (117 and 7 Mg ha-1 year-1 of FMP and DMP, respectively). The soil cover promoted higher FMP (96 Mg ha-1 year-1), number of cladodes per plant (10 units), thickness (2.1 cm) and cladode area (323 cm2) and lower DM content (78 g kg-1). The years of evaluation influenced significantly, so the second annual crop cycle benefited the formation of larger plants and cladodes. Rice husk cover promoted an increase in sprouting and FMP, and salinity at the highest levels (7.5 and 10.0 dS m-1) contributed to lower DMP of IPA Sertânia cactus variety in the first annual cycle, but without significant differences between the levels of water salinity at the next harvest. In the second experimental trial, the objective was to verify the morphological and productive responses of spineless forage cacti cultivars – Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta), Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dick) and IPA Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera) under different planting densities (20 , 40 and 80 thousand plants ha-1) and irrigation hours (morning and evening), in two annual harvests. The treatments were randomized in sub-subdivided plots, in a completely randomized design. The irrigation hours represented the plots, the cacti cultivars the subplots, and the planting densities the sub-subplots, with four replicates. The applied water depth was 15 mm week-1 via sprinkler system. Regarding the morphological characteristics, the OEM and the IPA Sertânia cultivars presented larger cladodes dimensions, while the Miúda cultivar showed higher plants. The higher density favored the increase of cladode area index (6.0 m2 /m2). Regarding the productive responses, in the first year of growth, there was a significant interaction (P <0.05) between irrigation hours and planting densities for fresh matter productivity (FMP), with the daytime and the density of 80 thousand plants ha-1 promoting higher yield (197 Mg ha-1 year-1). There was a significant interaction effect between cultivars and planting densities for cladode number, FMP, dry matter productivity (DMP) and water use efficiency (WUE), especially for Miúda and OEM cultivars. The Miúda cultivar emitted 53 cladodes/plant under 20,000 plants ha-1 and FMP, DMP and WUE of 212 Mg ha-1 year-1 and 23 Mg ha-1 year-1 and 19 kg of DM kg of water-1, respectively, under the higher density. Opuntia (OEM) reached 217 and 22 Mg ha-1 year-1 and 19 kg of DM kg of water-1 for FMP, DMP and WUE, in this order, under the lowest planting density. In the second annual growth cycle, the irrigation hours had a significant effect (P <0.05), so that the daytime allowed higher FMP (197 Mg ha-1 year-1), DMP (17 Mg ha-1 year-1) and WUE (12 kg of MS kg of water-1). The effect of the cultivars was significant (P <0.05) for DMP and WUE, with evidence for the Miúda cultivar. Spineless forage cactus cultivars were influenced by irrigation hours and planting densities, especially Miúda and OEM, both with high productive potential.
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spelling CUNHA, Márcio Vieira daSANTOS, Mércia Virginia Ferreira dosMEDEIROS, José Francismar deMELLO, Alexandre Carneiro Leão deSILVA, Thieres George Freire daFREIRE, Maria Betânia Galvão dos SantosSILVA, Maria da Conceiçãohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2027196149460315DANTAS, Fernanda Daniele Gonçalves2019-12-09T12:58:04Z2019-07-29DANTAS, Fernanda Daniele Gonçalves. Sistemas de cultivo da palma forrageira irrigada no semiárido potiguar. 2019. 135 f. Tese (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife.http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8412Cactus pear is strategically important as food support for livestock in the semiarid region of Brazil, however, some localities do not have adequate climate for its full development, requiring hydric complementation. Two experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019 in Apodi - RN- Brazil. In the first trial the objective was to evaluate the effects of salinity levels of irrigation water (0.1, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 dS m-1) and the presence or absence of soil cover with rice husk on morphophysiology and productivity of spineless forage cactus IPA Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera) in two annual cycles. The treatments were randomized in strip plot scheme, in a randomized block design. Salinity levels were applied in the plots, and the soil cover in the subplots with four replicates. The average drip irrigation depth was 4.0 mm week-1. The interaction between salinity levels and years was significant (P <0.05) for fresh matter (FMP) and dry matter (DMP) productivity, water use efficiency (WUE) and cladode thickness characteristics, with negative responses to higher salinity levels only in the first year and absence of effects in the second year (117 and 7 Mg ha-1 year-1 of FMP and DMP, respectively). The soil cover promoted higher FMP (96 Mg ha-1 year-1), number of cladodes per plant (10 units), thickness (2.1 cm) and cladode area (323 cm2) and lower DM content (78 g kg-1). The years of evaluation influenced significantly, so the second annual crop cycle benefited the formation of larger plants and cladodes. Rice husk cover promoted an increase in sprouting and FMP, and salinity at the highest levels (7.5 and 10.0 dS m-1) contributed to lower DMP of IPA Sertânia cactus variety in the first annual cycle, but without significant differences between the levels of water salinity at the next harvest. In the second experimental trial, the objective was to verify the morphological and productive responses of spineless forage cacti cultivars – Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta), Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dick) and IPA Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera) under different planting densities (20 , 40 and 80 thousand plants ha-1) and irrigation hours (morning and evening), in two annual harvests. The treatments were randomized in sub-subdivided plots, in a completely randomized design. The irrigation hours represented the plots, the cacti cultivars the subplots, and the planting densities the sub-subplots, with four replicates. The applied water depth was 15 mm week-1 via sprinkler system. Regarding the morphological characteristics, the OEM and the IPA Sertânia cultivars presented larger cladodes dimensions, while the Miúda cultivar showed higher plants. The higher density favored the increase of cladode area index (6.0 m2 /m2). Regarding the productive responses, in the first year of growth, there was a significant interaction (P <0.05) between irrigation hours and planting densities for fresh matter productivity (FMP), with the daytime and the density of 80 thousand plants ha-1 promoting higher yield (197 Mg ha-1 year-1). There was a significant interaction effect between cultivars and planting densities for cladode number, FMP, dry matter productivity (DMP) and water use efficiency (WUE), especially for Miúda and OEM cultivars. The Miúda cultivar emitted 53 cladodes/plant under 20,000 plants ha-1 and FMP, DMP and WUE of 212 Mg ha-1 year-1 and 23 Mg ha-1 year-1 and 19 kg of DM kg of water-1, respectively, under the higher density. Opuntia (OEM) reached 217 and 22 Mg ha-1 year-1 and 19 kg of DM kg of water-1 for FMP, DMP and WUE, in this order, under the lowest planting density. In the second annual growth cycle, the irrigation hours had a significant effect (P <0.05), so that the daytime allowed higher FMP (197 Mg ha-1 year-1), DMP (17 Mg ha-1 year-1) and WUE (12 kg of MS kg of water-1). The effect of the cultivars was significant (P <0.05) for DMP and WUE, with evidence for the Miúda cultivar. Spineless forage cactus cultivars were influenced by irrigation hours and planting densities, especially Miúda and OEM, both with high productive potential.A palma forrageira possui importância estratégica como suporte alimentar para a pecuária no Semiárido do Brasil, entretanto, algumas localidades não apresentam clima adequado para seu pleno desenvolvimento, sendo necessário complementação hídrica. Foram realizados dois experimentos no período de 2017 a 2019 em Apodi/RN. No primeiro experimento o objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,1; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10 dS m-1) e da presença ou ausência de cobertura do solo com casca de arroz, sobre a morfofisiologia e produtividade da palma forrageira IPA Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera) por dois ciclos anuais. Os tratamentos foram casualizados em faixas (strip-plot), em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, num delineamento em blocos o acaso. Os níveis de salinidade foram aplicados nas parcelas, e a cobertura do solo nas subparcelas, distribuídas em faixas, com quatro repetições. A lâmina de irrigação média por gotejamento foi de 4,0 mm semana-1. A interação entre os níveis de salinidade e os anos foi significativa (P<0,05) para as características de produtividade de matéria verde (PMV) e seca (PMS), eficiência do uso da água (EUA) e espessura dos cladódios, com resposta negativa aos maiores níveis de sal apenas no primeiro ano e ausência de efeitos no segundo ano (117 e 7 Mg ha-1 ano-1 de PMV e PMS, respectivamente). A cobertura de solo promoveu maior PMV (96 Mg ha-1 ano-1), número de cladódios por planta (10 unidades), espessura (2,1 cm) e área dos cladódios (323 cm2) e menor teor de MS (78 g kg-1). Os anos de avaliação influenciaram significativamente, assim, o segundo ciclo anual de cultivo beneficiou a formação de plantas e cladódios maiores. A casca de arroz proporcionou aumento de brotação e da PMV, e a salinidade nos maiores níveis (7,5 e 10,0 dS m-1) contribuiu para menor PMS da palma IPA Sertânia no primeiro ciclo anual, mas sem diferença significativa entre os níveis de salinidade na colheita seguinte. No segundo ensaio experimental, objetivou-se verificar as respostas morfológicas e produtivas das cultivares da palma forrageira - Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta), Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dick) e IPA Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera) sob diferentes densidades de plantio (20, 40 e 80 mil plantas ha-1) e horários de irrigação (manhã e noite), em duas colheitas anuais. Os tratamentos foram casualizados em parcelas sub-sub-divididas, num delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Os horários de irrigação representaram as parcelas, as cultivares de palma forrageira as sub parcelas, e as densidades de plantio as sub-sub parcelas, com quatro repetições. A lâmina de água aplicada foi de 15 mm semana-1 via aspersão. Quanto as características morfológicas, a Orelha de EM e a IPA Sertânia apresentaram maiores dimensões dos cladódios, enquanto a Miúda exibiu plantas mais altas. O maior adensamento favoreceu a elevação do índice de área de cladódio (6,0 m2/m2). Sobre as respostas produtivas, no primeiro ano de crescimento, ocorreu interação significativa (P<0,05) entre os horários de irrigação e as densidades de plantio para a produtividade de matéria verde (PMV), tendo o período diurno e o adensamento de 80 mil plantas ha-1 promovido maior rendimento (197 Mg ha-1 ano-1). Houve efeito significativo de interação das cultivares e densidades de plantio para número de cladódios, PMV, produtividade de matéria seca (PMS) e eficiência do uso da água (EUA), destacando-se a Miúda e Orelha EM. A Miúda emitiu 53 cladódios sob 20 mil plantas ha-1 e PMV, PMS e EUA de 212 Mg ha-1 ano-1 e 23 Mg ha-1 ano-1 e 19 kg de MS kg-1 de água, respectivamente, sob maior adensamento. A Orelha EM apresentou 217 e 22 Mg ha-1 ano-1 e 19 kg de MS kg-1 de água referente a PMV, PMS e EUA, nesta ordem, sob a menor densidade de plantio. No segundo ciclo anual de crescimento, o horário de irrigação apresentou efeito significativo (P<0,05), de forma que o período diurno possibilitou maior PMV (197 Mg ha-1 ano-1), PMS (17 Mg ha-1 ano-1) e EUA (12 kg de MS kg-1 de água). O efeito das cultivares foi significativo (P<0,05) para PMS e EUA, com evidência novamente para a Miúda. Portanto, as cultivares de palma forrageira foram influenciadas pelos horários de irrigação e pelas densidades de plantio, sobretudo a Miúda e OEM, ambas de alto potencial produtivo.Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2019-12-09T12:58:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Daniele Goncalves Dantas.pdf: 1267929 bytes, checksum: 82062da17927b66bb8fe17c2e319e1ac (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-09T12:58:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Daniele Goncalves Dantas.pdf: 1267929 bytes, checksum: 82062da17927b66bb8fe17c2e319e1ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-07-29Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal Rural de PernambucoPrograma de Pós-Graduação em ZootecniaUFRPEBrasilDepartamento de ZootecniaIrrigaçãoPalma forrageiraSemiáridoCIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIASistemas de cultivo da palma forrageira irrigada no semiárido potiguarinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis-3881065194686295060600600600600-768565415068297243213468589812708456022075167498588264571info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPEinstname:Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)instacron:UFRPEORIGINALFernanda Daniele Goncalves Dantas.pdfFernanda Daniele Goncalves Dantas.pdfapplication/pdf1267929http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/bitstream/tede2/8412/2/Fernanda+Daniele+Goncalves+Dantas.pdf82062da17927b66bb8fe17c2e319e1acMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82165http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/bitstream/tede2/8412/1/license.txtbd3efa91386c1718a7f26a329fdcb468MD51tede2/84122019-12-09 09:58:04.112oai:tede2: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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede/PUBhttp://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/oai/requestbdtd@ufrpe.br ||bdtd@ufrpe.bropendoar:2024-05-28T12:36:56.376409Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Sistemas de cultivo da palma forrageira irrigada no semiárido potiguar
title Sistemas de cultivo da palma forrageira irrigada no semiárido potiguar
spellingShingle Sistemas de cultivo da palma forrageira irrigada no semiárido potiguar
DANTAS, Fernanda Daniele Gonçalves
Irrigação
Palma forrageira
Semiárido
CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA
title_short Sistemas de cultivo da palma forrageira irrigada no semiárido potiguar
title_full Sistemas de cultivo da palma forrageira irrigada no semiárido potiguar
title_fullStr Sistemas de cultivo da palma forrageira irrigada no semiárido potiguar
title_full_unstemmed Sistemas de cultivo da palma forrageira irrigada no semiárido potiguar
title_sort Sistemas de cultivo da palma forrageira irrigada no semiárido potiguar
author DANTAS, Fernanda Daniele Gonçalves
author_facet DANTAS, Fernanda Daniele Gonçalves
author_role author
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv CUNHA, Márcio Vieira da
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv SANTOS, Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv MEDEIROS, José Francismar de
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv MELLO, Alexandre Carneiro Leão de
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv SILVA, Thieres George Freire da
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv FREIRE, Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv SILVA, Maria da Conceição
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/2027196149460315
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv DANTAS, Fernanda Daniele Gonçalves
contributor_str_mv CUNHA, Márcio Vieira da
SANTOS, Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos
MEDEIROS, José Francismar de
MELLO, Alexandre Carneiro Leão de
SILVA, Thieres George Freire da
FREIRE, Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos
SILVA, Maria da Conceição
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Irrigação
Palma forrageira
Semiárido
topic Irrigação
Palma forrageira
Semiárido
CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA
description Cactus pear is strategically important as food support for livestock in the semiarid region of Brazil, however, some localities do not have adequate climate for its full development, requiring hydric complementation. Two experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019 in Apodi - RN- Brazil. In the first trial the objective was to evaluate the effects of salinity levels of irrigation water (0.1, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 dS m-1) and the presence or absence of soil cover with rice husk on morphophysiology and productivity of spineless forage cactus IPA Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera) in two annual cycles. The treatments were randomized in strip plot scheme, in a randomized block design. Salinity levels were applied in the plots, and the soil cover in the subplots with four replicates. The average drip irrigation depth was 4.0 mm week-1. The interaction between salinity levels and years was significant (P <0.05) for fresh matter (FMP) and dry matter (DMP) productivity, water use efficiency (WUE) and cladode thickness characteristics, with negative responses to higher salinity levels only in the first year and absence of effects in the second year (117 and 7 Mg ha-1 year-1 of FMP and DMP, respectively). The soil cover promoted higher FMP (96 Mg ha-1 year-1), number of cladodes per plant (10 units), thickness (2.1 cm) and cladode area (323 cm2) and lower DM content (78 g kg-1). The years of evaluation influenced significantly, so the second annual crop cycle benefited the formation of larger plants and cladodes. Rice husk cover promoted an increase in sprouting and FMP, and salinity at the highest levels (7.5 and 10.0 dS m-1) contributed to lower DMP of IPA Sertânia cactus variety in the first annual cycle, but without significant differences between the levels of water salinity at the next harvest. In the second experimental trial, the objective was to verify the morphological and productive responses of spineless forage cacti cultivars – Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta), Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dick) and IPA Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera) under different planting densities (20 , 40 and 80 thousand plants ha-1) and irrigation hours (morning and evening), in two annual harvests. The treatments were randomized in sub-subdivided plots, in a completely randomized design. The irrigation hours represented the plots, the cacti cultivars the subplots, and the planting densities the sub-subplots, with four replicates. The applied water depth was 15 mm week-1 via sprinkler system. Regarding the morphological characteristics, the OEM and the IPA Sertânia cultivars presented larger cladodes dimensions, while the Miúda cultivar showed higher plants. The higher density favored the increase of cladode area index (6.0 m2 /m2). Regarding the productive responses, in the first year of growth, there was a significant interaction (P <0.05) between irrigation hours and planting densities for fresh matter productivity (FMP), with the daytime and the density of 80 thousand plants ha-1 promoting higher yield (197 Mg ha-1 year-1). There was a significant interaction effect between cultivars and planting densities for cladode number, FMP, dry matter productivity (DMP) and water use efficiency (WUE), especially for Miúda and OEM cultivars. The Miúda cultivar emitted 53 cladodes/plant under 20,000 plants ha-1 and FMP, DMP and WUE of 212 Mg ha-1 year-1 and 23 Mg ha-1 year-1 and 19 kg of DM kg of water-1, respectively, under the higher density. Opuntia (OEM) reached 217 and 22 Mg ha-1 year-1 and 19 kg of DM kg of water-1 for FMP, DMP and WUE, in this order, under the lowest planting density. In the second annual growth cycle, the irrigation hours had a significant effect (P <0.05), so that the daytime allowed higher FMP (197 Mg ha-1 year-1), DMP (17 Mg ha-1 year-1) and WUE (12 kg of MS kg of water-1). The effect of the cultivars was significant (P <0.05) for DMP and WUE, with evidence for the Miúda cultivar. Spineless forage cactus cultivars were influenced by irrigation hours and planting densities, especially Miúda and OEM, both with high productive potential.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2019-12-09T12:58:04Z
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2019-07-29
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv DANTAS, Fernanda Daniele Gonçalves. Sistemas de cultivo da palma forrageira irrigada no semiárido potiguar. 2019. 135 f. Tese (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8412
identifier_str_mv DANTAS, Fernanda Daniele Gonçalves. Sistemas de cultivo da palma forrageira irrigada no semiárido potiguar. 2019. 135 f. Tese (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife.
url http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8412
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language por
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv UFRPE
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv Brasil
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv Departamento de Zootecnia
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
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