Alterações hidrológicas na bacia do Rio São Francisco originadas pela construção de barragens

• Autor(a) principal: SANTOS, Maíra de Oliveira
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8162
• topic: Hidrologia; Construção de barragem; Indicador hidrológico; CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::PROBABILIDADE E ESTATISTICA

The São Francisco River has five hydroelectric plants along its route, including the Três Marias-MG hydroelectric plants, Sobradinho-BA hydroelectric plants, and Xingó hydroelectric plants-AL. Hydroelectric plants are one of the cheapest energy sources and the most widely used, but its construction causes several impacts to the environment. It is important to assess the impact and provide the basis to assist in environmental management and ecosystem restoration projects in order to make it as close as possible to the previous state. In this work, the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration - IHA method and the Range of Variability Approach - RVA method are used to study the variability of hydrological characteristics on the observed daily flow below the dams. The IHA method generates 33 hydrological indicators of ecological relevance, which are evaluated using the RVA. We analyzed hydrological changes in flow data from São Francisco-MG, Juazeiro-BA e Pão de Açúcar-AL caused by the Três Marias, Sobradinho and Xingó reservoirs constructions. Also we analyzed hydrological changes in flow data from Pão de Açúcar-AL caused by the Sobradinho reservoir construction. The hydrological alteration caused by the construction of Sobradinho in Juazeiro was superior to the other series analyzed, due to changes of the June monthly average flow indicator and the number of reversals, which presented strong hydrological alterations. The impact of the Sobradinho reservoir construction in Pão de Açúcar presented the second highest hydrological alteration, due to the February average flow indicator and the rise rate indicator, both presented strong hydrological changes. The analysis of the Xingó reservoir in Pão de Açúcar, and the analysis of the Sobradinho reservoir in Juazeiro, presented the highest number of heavily altered indicators. On the other hand, the analysis of the Xingó reservoir in Pão de Açúcar presented the lowest hydrological alteration (42.2%). The analysis of the Três Marias reservoir in San Francisco presented the lowest number of heavily altered indicators. The fit RVA limits form the basis for assisting in environmental management and ecosystem restoration and restoration projects.