Efeitos da suplementação com ômega-3 e melatonina associados a exercício físico moderado sobre peso corporal, parâmetros bioquímicos, memória, atividade elétrica cortical e morfometria do hipocampo em ratos wistar

• Autor(a) principal: PEREIRA, Danielle Dutra
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/7212
• topic: Suplemento alimentar; Ômega-3; Melatonina; Exercício físico; Hipocampo; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA

In the present work, we sought to verify the effects of supplementation of Wistar rats with omega-3 and melatonin, associated with physical exercise on body weight, biochemical parameters, memory, cortical electrical activity and Hippocampal morphometry in Wistar rats. Rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used, which were divided into eight experimental groups (n= 5 animals/ group) according to the treatment: A - omega-3; B - melatonin; C - physical exercise; D - omega-3 and melatonin; E - omega-3 and exercise; F - melatonin and exercise; G-omega-3, melatonin and exercise; H - control. The protocols were started from 60 days of age and continued until weaning from offspring (165 days of age). The offspring (n= 15 males/ group) were submitted to the same protocol from the respective matrices from weaning to 70 days of age. The body mass in M30 of the animals of group B (42,47 g ± 1,23) was lower than the body mass of groups A (72,71 g ± 3,06), C (71,14 g ± 2,52), D (66,69 g ± 1,88), E (53,91 g ± 0,87), F (67,18 g ± 3,02), G (62,00 g ± 5,02) and H (58,18 g ± 2,62). At 60 days postnatal (M60) groups A (198,4 g ± 4,15), B (213,3 g ± 3,63) and C (208,8 g ± 6,11) presented higher body weight Than the F (161,5 g ± 6,37) and H (151,8 g ± 4,80) groups, the G group (172,4 g ± 6,42) had lower mean values than the B group. As for serum biochemistry, the evaluation performed at 30 days of Age of offspring showed that VLDL (79,08 mg/dL ± 12,89) and triglyceride (395,4 mg/dL ± 64,43) in group F were higher than VLDL (30,44 mg/dL ± 3.34) and triglyceride (152,2 mg/dL ± 16,9) in group B. At 60 days the HDL levels of group F (77,13 mg/dL ± 13,32) were higher when compared to group D (25,98 mg/dL ± 2,51). For VLDL and Triglyceride, group F presented a mean VLDL value of 56,00 mg/dL ± 4,40 and Triglyceride of 280,00 mg/dL ± 22,00, while E presented a mean of 31,49 mg/dL ± 4,74 for VLDL and 157,4 mg/dL ± 23,68 for triglyceride, and D presented 27,12 mg/dL ± 1,78 for VLDL and of 135,6 mg/dL ± 8,90 for Triglyceride level. About in relation to glycemia, groups A (39,20 mg/dL ± 14,39), C (39,40 mg/dL ± 9,14) and F (20,60 mg/dL ± 4,57) showed different when compared to the H group (155,6 mg/dL ± 16,80), and D group (248,2 mg/dL ± 24,48) differed from the A, B (95,60 mg/dL ± 14,39), C, E (131,4 mg/dL ± 28,95), F and G (40,75 mg/dL ± 9,30). There was also a significant difference between group E and F. Regarding hippocampal morphometry in M30, only group D (24,24% ± 1,31) differed from groups A (19,68% ± 1,03) and G (19,00% ± 0,45), presenting a higher neuronal density. In M60, group B (22,63% ± 0,34) presented a higher number of neurons than groups A (19,68% ± 1,03), C (15,61% ± 0,58), E (20,50% ± 0,43), F (19,91% ± 0,42) and H (16,97% ± 0,40). Already in group C neuronal reduction in relation to groups A, D (23,22% ± 0,46), E, F and G (21,14% ± 0,35). When group D was observed, Greater number of neurons than groups A, E, F and H. Finally, groups A, E, F and G showed higher neuronal density when compared to group H. For the recognition test there was no difference between the evaluated treatments at 30 and 60 days of age. The behavior of the power spectrum evidenced a change in the contribution of the beta rhythm among all the experimental groups, analyzed by the Fourier Transform (TF), with average power values of A= 0,52 μv2/Hz ± 0,09, B= 0,73 μv2/Hz ± 0,06, C= 1,30 μv2/Hz ± 0,03, D= 1,09 μv2/Hz ± 0,07, E= 0,77 μv2/Hz ± 0,05, F= 0,93 μv2/Hz ± 0,07, G= 1,12 μv2/Hz ± 0,06 and H= 0,75 μv2/Hz ± 0,09. The animals of the A group presented a lower average for the complexity of Lempel-Ziv (CLZ), showing greater self-similarity of the cortical electric activity. The detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) indicated a modification of this activity, with a lower α exponent value observed in the G group. Supplementation with omega-3 and melatonin, and submission to moderate physical exercise modified body development, lipid profile and morphometry of the hippocampus. The cortical electric activity showed variation in the β wave, related to cognitive processes. The linear and nonlinear dynamics analysis methods used - the power spectrum, the complexity of Lempel-Ziv and the discontinuous flotation analysis (DFA) -, were sensitive to detect changes in the behavior of the electrocorticographic patterns of the animals of the experimental groups.