Disponibilidade e fracionamento do fósforo em solos afetados por sais e cultivados com sorgo forrageiro no Sertão do Pajeú

• Autor(a) principal: MARQUES, Rayana Pires
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6939
• topic: Fósforo; Fração de fósforo; Extrator de fósforo; Solo salino; FITOTECNIA::MELHORAMENTO VEGETAL

The study of available fractions of phosphorus deserves attention in fertility management of salt affected soils in semiarid region, since this element is often found in adequate levels, but not always in its available form. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the most efficient extractants available-P, identify the predominant fractions of p in these soils and productivity of forage sorghum grown in salt affected soils by phosphate fertilization. The experiments were conducted in semi-arid region of Pernambuco, in pots and field conditions. The trials were conducted in randomized complete block design (RBD), where the variety of sorghum Sudan was subjected to five levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 P2O5) with four replicates. In the vessel experiments a 5x4 factorial scheme was used, corresponding to the five levels of phosphorus and 4 Cambisols (inceptisols) collected in different areas of the municipality of Serra Talhada – PE. Chemical and physical characterization of these soils to depth of 0-20 cm was performed. The collection of sorghum was conducted from booting culture, this time the shoot was kiln dried, weighed and crushed to quantify the content of P, also according to Embrapa methods. The P- availability in the soils was determined by the following extractants: Mehlich-1 (0,05M HCl + 0,0125M H2SO4), Olsen (0,5 M NaHCO3), Chang & Jackson (0,1 M NaOH + 1M NaCl), Saunder (0,1M NaOH), Soltanpour (1M NH4HCO3 + 0,005M DTPA), and “Pox” (0,175 M amônio oxalate + 0,1M Oxalic Acid). Chemical fractionation of P was also performed according to Olsen & Sommers (1982). The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and adjusted, when possible, to regression models for P reclaimed by the extractants or the plant as a function of P rates applied. Correlations between different P fractions and extractants, as well as between fractions and soil characteristics were also carried out. The acid extractants were those who managed to extract higher levels of P, but neutral and moderately alkaline extractants (Olsen and Soltampour) yielded P levels closest to those recovered by the plants. According the fractionation, that soils presented higher levels of P in the non-labile compartment, followed by less labile and labile. In the field and in pots (soil 1), the predominant fraction is the HCl-P, as in soils 2 and 3, the fractions of residual P appears in greater percentages and in soil 4 the predominant fraction is CBD-P. There is evidence for the participation of less labile fractions in P supply for sorghum in field and soil 1, according to the correlation of P uptake by plants with these fractions. The sorghum productivity was about 2.5 Mg ha-1 dry weight, lower than the mean expected for the culture. Such behavior also occurred with the biometric variables.