Substituição de silagem de milho por palma orelha de elefante mexicana para vacas em lactação

• Autor(a) principal: MORAES, Gláucia Sabrine de Oliveira
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8417
• topic: Nutrição animal; Palma forrageira; Orelha de elefante mexicana; Bovino de leite; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA

This study aimed to investigate the effect of replacing corn silage with cactus Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. cladodes (cactos Opuntia) (0, 18.5, 37.0, and 55.5%, on a DM basis) in the diets for lactating dairy cows. Twelve Holstein cows (20 ± 2.7 kg/day milk, 530 ± 35 kg of body weight, 12 week in milking) were distributed in three (4 × 4) Latin squares. The experiment consisted of four periods, each lasting 21 days, the first 14 days for adaptation to diets and seven to and data samples collection. There was an increase in the intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), non-fibrous carbohydrates (CNF) and net energy for lactation (NLl) with replacement. Crude protein intake and digestibility of DM, OM, PB, CNF and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were not altered by replacement. The spent time in feeding and ruminating diminished linearly with the replacement of corn silage by cactus cladodes. The idleness and efficiency of feed and rumination related to DM increased linearly. Considering the efficiency of feed and rumination related to NDF were not altered. Fat corrected milk yield (FCMY) at 3.5% increased linearly with replacement. The levels of fat, protein, lactose and total milk solids remained unchanged. There was a linear decrease in the excretion of urea nitrogen in the urine and in the concentration of urea nitrogen in milk. There was linearly increased the concentration of the saturated fatty acids C5:0, C8:0, C9:0, C10:0, C11:0, C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0. The acids C18:0, C20:0, C21:0, C22:0 and C24:0 were linearly decrease. The oleic acid (C18:1 cis9) decreased linearly, whereas CLA trans10 cis12 acid showed quadratic effect. The CLA isomers (cis9 trans11 and trans9 cis11) were not altered by substitution, as were stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) enzyme activity indexes. The sum of the concentration of long chain fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) decreased linearly with substitution. While the total of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and ω-6 increased linearly. The total of the short chain, medium chain, CLA and ω-3 fatty acids were not altered by the substitution of corn silage for the cactus cladodes. The nutritional quality indexes of milk fat (AI), thrombogenicity (TI) and the ω-6:ω-3 ratio increased linearly with the replacement of corn silage by cactus cladodes. The hypo: hypercholesteronic (h / H) index decreased. We recommend a diet composed of 366.0 g/kg DM of cactus Opuntia 290.0 g/kg DM of corn silage and 344.0 g/kg DM of concentrate for dairy cows with average yield of 23kg / day.