Performance de emissores em irrigação por gotejamento com uso de esgoto doméstico tratado

• Autor(a) principal: ACUÑA CHINCHILLA, Sisgo Rachith
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/7688
• topic: Reúso da água; Irrigação por gotejamento; Água residuária; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA

Because of availability reduction of water resources in quantity and quality to attend its diverse uses, usage of treated wastewater is nowadays more a need than an alternative, especially in regions having scarcity. Drip irrigations systems are an efficient and reliable way to use sewage effluent in agriculture. However, some characteristics of wastewater could reduce performance of emitters and system uniformity. The aim of this study was to assess a drip irrigation system under field conditions using treated sewage effluents obtained from three different treatment methods: UASB reactor, anaerobic filter associated with a septic tank, anaerobic filter and fresh water as control treatment. Four kinds of emitters were evaluated. Two was inline labyrinth type and two online, where one of inline drippers was non-pressure compensating. Initial condition of drippers was defined before the start of experiment. Subsequently, three discharge measurements of 16 emitters in each lateral were performed through the execution of experiment at 0,5; 7 and 55 working hours. To assess the response of average discharge of emitters to treatments it were used statistical quality control and process tools. Irrigation with treated sewage effluent promoted increasing of mean discharge ratio coefficient (Dra) and diminishing emission uniformity (EU) and statistical uniformity coefficient (Us). Physic and chemical characteristics of effluents was identified as main causes of clogging. At the end of experiment, there was interaction between kind of water and type of emitter, where the least favorable combination was online lateral outlet dripper using any kind of treated effluent. In this circumstance, there was high percentage of emitter clogging. There was no difference in performance of system using inline non-pressure compensating emitters instead of using inline self-compensating and online pressure compensating emitter with upper outlet. Initial condition of drippers was classified as excellent according to manufacturing coefficient of variability (Mfg CV) values. Even with this characteristic, none of the emitters of the drippers reaches the manufacturer´s specification for average flow in field conditions. Online emitters showed more dispersion for individual flow measurements and non-pressure compensating dripper showed less variability. Irrigation process using online upper outlet was under statistical control through all experiment when using fresh water. When using treated wastewater effluents for irrigation it is recommended a first system assessment after 7 operation hours with the application of control and appropriated correcting procedures to diminish clogging issues.