Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE |
Texto Completo: | http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9162 |
Resumo: | Alternative lipid sources have been studied to improve performance and the fatty acid profile of milk fat in ruminants. Full-fat corn germ (FFCG) is pointed out as a potential lipid ingredient to improve performance and manipulate the fatty acid profile of milk from dairy cows. However, its effects are dependent on forage sources included in the diet. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing corn with FFCG in diets containing forage cactus and sugarcane bagasse on performance, nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, milk composition, and milk fatty acid profile of crossbred cows. It was hypothesized that replacing corn with FFCG in a basal diet containing forage cactus and sugarcane bagasse would promote productivity gains and enrich milk with CLA and other health-beneficial fatty acids beneficial without negative effects on nutrient intake and digestion. The experiment involved 10 multiparous Girolando cows (5/8 Holstein x 3/8 Gir), with an initial live weight of 500 ± 66 kg and lactation period of 90 ± 15 days. The cows were pre-adapted to the experimental conditions for 15 days and then distributed in two 5 x 5 Latin Squares. Each experimental period was composed of 21 days (14 days for adaptation to the experimental diets and 07 for data and sample collection), totalizing 105 days of experiment. The diets were formulated with “Orelha de Elefante Mexicana” cladodes, sugarcane bagasse and concentrate, in which corn was progressively replaced with FFCG (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of substitution). The following variables were analyzed: nutrient intake and digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen balance, and milk fatty acid profile. Full-fat corn germ improved (P < 0.05) milk production and synthesis of fat, lactose, and total solids in milk. Replacing corn with FFCG quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the intake of dry matter, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients, and linearly reduced (P < 0.05) the intake of total non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). Except for ether extract and NFC, FFCG did not alter (P > 0.05) nutrient digestibility. Adding FFCG to the diets reduced (P < 0.05) excretion of urea-N in milk and N excretion via urine. Furthermore, the substitution of corn for FFCG reduced (linearly or quadratically) the concentration of £C16 saturated fatty acids (FA, g/100 g of total FA), odd branched-chain FA, and C18:3 n-3 (as well as other n-3 FA) in milk fat. In contrast, there was a linear or quadratic increase in the proportion of long-chain fatty acids (³ C18), isomers of cis/trans C18:1 (except cis-11 C18:1), CLA isomers (especially cis-9, trans-11 CLA), C18:2 n-6 and other n-6 FA. These changes resulted in reduction in saturated FAs, an increase in mono- and polyunsaturated FAs (quadratic and linear effect, respectively), and a linear increase in the trans C18:1/C18:0, trans-11 C18:1/C18:0, and n-6:n-3 ratios. In addition, activity indices of the SCD-1 enzyme were reduced either linearly (SCD14, SCD16, and SCDCLA) or quadratically (SCD18) by increasing levels of FFCG in the diet. The results obtained indicate that substitution of corn by FFCG (up to 63.5%) can be a nutritional strategy to improve the production efficiency and fatty acid profile of milk fat from crossbred cows fed cactus cladodes. The use of sugarcane bagasse circumvents the deleterious effects of FFCG associated with milk fat depression. |
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FERREIRA, Marcelo de AndradeMONTEIRO, Carolina Corrêa de FigueiredoGAMA, Marco Antônio Sundfield daGUIM, AdrianaBISPO, Safira ValençaSOUZA, Evaristo Jorge Oliveira deMONNERAT, João Paulo Ismerio dos Santoshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7113194396246493SILVA, Camila Sousa da2023-06-28T17:00:15Z2023-02-28SILVA, Camila Sousa da. Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação. 2023. 79 f. Tese (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife.http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9162Alternative lipid sources have been studied to improve performance and the fatty acid profile of milk fat in ruminants. Full-fat corn germ (FFCG) is pointed out as a potential lipid ingredient to improve performance and manipulate the fatty acid profile of milk from dairy cows. However, its effects are dependent on forage sources included in the diet. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing corn with FFCG in diets containing forage cactus and sugarcane bagasse on performance, nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, milk composition, and milk fatty acid profile of crossbred cows. It was hypothesized that replacing corn with FFCG in a basal diet containing forage cactus and sugarcane bagasse would promote productivity gains and enrich milk with CLA and other health-beneficial fatty acids beneficial without negative effects on nutrient intake and digestion. The experiment involved 10 multiparous Girolando cows (5/8 Holstein x 3/8 Gir), with an initial live weight of 500 ± 66 kg and lactation period of 90 ± 15 days. The cows were pre-adapted to the experimental conditions for 15 days and then distributed in two 5 x 5 Latin Squares. Each experimental period was composed of 21 days (14 days for adaptation to the experimental diets and 07 for data and sample collection), totalizing 105 days of experiment. The diets were formulated with “Orelha de Elefante Mexicana” cladodes, sugarcane bagasse and concentrate, in which corn was progressively replaced with FFCG (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of substitution). The following variables were analyzed: nutrient intake and digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen balance, and milk fatty acid profile. Full-fat corn germ improved (P < 0.05) milk production and synthesis of fat, lactose, and total solids in milk. Replacing corn with FFCG quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the intake of dry matter, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients, and linearly reduced (P < 0.05) the intake of total non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). Except for ether extract and NFC, FFCG did not alter (P > 0.05) nutrient digestibility. Adding FFCG to the diets reduced (P < 0.05) excretion of urea-N in milk and N excretion via urine. Furthermore, the substitution of corn for FFCG reduced (linearly or quadratically) the concentration of £C16 saturated fatty acids (FA, g/100 g of total FA), odd branched-chain FA, and C18:3 n-3 (as well as other n-3 FA) in milk fat. In contrast, there was a linear or quadratic increase in the proportion of long-chain fatty acids (³ C18), isomers of cis/trans C18:1 (except cis-11 C18:1), CLA isomers (especially cis-9, trans-11 CLA), C18:2 n-6 and other n-6 FA. These changes resulted in reduction in saturated FAs, an increase in mono- and polyunsaturated FAs (quadratic and linear effect, respectively), and a linear increase in the trans C18:1/C18:0, trans-11 C18:1/C18:0, and n-6:n-3 ratios. In addition, activity indices of the SCD-1 enzyme were reduced either linearly (SCD14, SCD16, and SCDCLA) or quadratically (SCD18) by increasing levels of FFCG in the diet. The results obtained indicate that substitution of corn by FFCG (up to 63.5%) can be a nutritional strategy to improve the production efficiency and fatty acid profile of milk fat from crossbred cows fed cactus cladodes. The use of sugarcane bagasse circumvents the deleterious effects of FFCG associated with milk fat depression.Fontes lipídicas alternativas vem sendo estudadas com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho e perfil de ácidos graxos da gordura do leite de ruminantes. O gérmen de milho extra gordo (GIMEX) é apontado como ingrediente lipídico em potencial para melhorar o desempenho e manipular o perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de vacas leiteiras. No entanto, seus efeitos são dependentes do tipo de volumoso incluído na dieta. Objetivou-se, assim, avaliar os efeitos da substituição de milho por GIMEX em dietas contendo palma forrageira e bagaço de cana de açúcar sobre o desempenho, consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes, balanço de nitrogênio, composição do leite e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de vacas mestiças. Hipotetizouse que a substituição do milho por GIMEX em uma dieta basal contendo palma forrageira e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar promova ganhos produtivos e enriquecimento do leite com CLA e outros ácidos graxos benéficos à saúde humana sem efeitos negativos sobre o consumo e digestão dos nutrientes e balanço de nitrogênio. O experimento foi realizado com 10 vacas multíparas da raça Girolando (5/8 Holandês x 3/8 Gir), com peso vivo inicial de 500 ± 66 kg e período de lactação de 90 ± 15 dias. As vacas foram pré-adaptadas às condições experimentais por 15 dias e posteriormente distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 5 x 5. Cada período experimental foi composto por 21 dias (14 dias destinados à adaptação às dietas experimentais e 07 para coleta de dados e amostras), totalizando 105 dias de experimento. As dietas foram formuladas com palma Orelha de Elefante Mexicana, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e concentrado, no qual o milho foi progressivamente substituído por GIMEX (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% de substituição). As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produção e composição do leite, balanço de nitrogênio e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite. A ingestão de GIMEX elevou de modo quadrático a produção de leite e a síntese de gordura, lactose e sólidos totais do leite (P < 0,05). Vacas alimentadas com GIMEX apresentaram aumento quadrático (P < 0,05) do consumo de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e redução linear (P < 0,005) do consumo de carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF). Com exceção do extrato etéreo (EE) e CNF, a substituição do milho por GIMEX não alterou (P > 0,05) a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. A adição de GIMEX às dietas reduziu linearmente a excreção de Nureico no leite e a excreção de N via urina (P < 0,05). Além disso, a substituição do milho por GIMEX reduziu, de modo linear ou quadrático, os teores (g/100g de AG totais) de AG saturados com ≤ C16, AG de cadeia ímpar e ramificada, e de C18:3 n-3 (e demais AG n-3) na gordura do leite. Em contrapartida, houve aumento linear ou quadrático dos teores de AG de cadeia longa (≥ C18), isômeros de C18:1 cis/trans (exceto C18:1 cis-11), isômeros de CLA (especialmente o CLA cis-9, trans-11), C18:2 n-6 e demais AG n-6. Em conjunto, estas mudanças resultaram em redução linear dos AG saturados, aumento dos AG mono e poliinsaturados e aumento linear das relações C18:1 trans/C18:0, C18:1 trans-11/C18:0 e n-6:n-3 na gordura do leite. Os índices de atividade da enzima SCD-1 foram reduzidos de modo linear (SCD14, SCD16 e SCDCLA) ou quadrático (SCD18) com o aumento do nível de GIMEX na dieta. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a substituição de milho por GIMEX (em até 63,5%) pode ser indicada como estratégia nutricional para melhorar a eficiência produtiva e o perfil de ácidos graxos da gordura do leite vacas mestiças alimentadas com palma forrageira. A utilização de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar na dieta basal contorna os efeitos do GIMEX associados com a depressão da gordura do leite.Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2023-06-28T17:00:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Sousa da Silva.pdf: 1118522 bytes, checksum: dc3113f28971b33b63f7bb28d3f06b72 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2023-06-28T17:00:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Sousa da Silva.pdf: 1118522 bytes, checksum: dc3113f28971b33b63f7bb28d3f06b72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2023-02-28application/pdfporUniversidade Federal Rural de PernambucoPrograma de Pós-Graduação em ZootecniaUFRPEBrasilDepartamento de ZootecniaNutrição animalBovino de leiteGérmen integral de milhoSuplementação lipídicaCIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIAGérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactaçãoFull-fat corn germ as an alternative lipid source for lactating Cowsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis-3881065194686295060600600600-76856541506829724321346858981270845602info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPEinstname:Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)instacron:UFRPEORIGINALCamila Sousa da Silva.pdfCamila Sousa da Silva.pdfapplication/pdf1118522http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/bitstream/tede2/9162/2/Camila+Sousa+da+Silva.pdfdc3113f28971b33b63f7bb28d3f06b72MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82165http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/bitstream/tede2/9162/1/license.txtbd3efa91386c1718a7f26a329fdcb468MD51tede2/91622023-06-28 14:03:40.144oai:tede2: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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede/PUBhttp://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/oai/requestbdtd@ufrpe.br ||bdtd@ufrpe.bropendoar:2024-05-28T12:37:54.999745Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Full-fat corn germ as an alternative lipid source for lactating Cows |
title |
Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação |
spellingShingle |
Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação SILVA, Camila Sousa da Nutrição animal Bovino de leite Gérmen integral de milho Suplementação lipídica CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA |
title_short |
Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação |
title_full |
Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação |
title_fullStr |
Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação |
title_sort |
Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação |
author |
SILVA, Camila Sousa da |
author_facet |
SILVA, Camila Sousa da |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
FERREIRA, Marcelo de Andrade |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
MONTEIRO, Carolina Corrêa de Figueiredo |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv |
GAMA, Marco Antônio Sundfield da |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
GUIM, Adriana |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
BISPO, Safira Valença |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
SOUZA, Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
MONNERAT, João Paulo Ismerio dos Santos |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7113194396246493 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
SILVA, Camila Sousa da |
contributor_str_mv |
FERREIRA, Marcelo de Andrade MONTEIRO, Carolina Corrêa de Figueiredo GAMA, Marco Antônio Sundfield da GUIM, Adriana BISPO, Safira Valença SOUZA, Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de MONNERAT, João Paulo Ismerio dos Santos |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Nutrição animal Bovino de leite Gérmen integral de milho Suplementação lipídica |
topic |
Nutrição animal Bovino de leite Gérmen integral de milho Suplementação lipídica CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA |
description |
Alternative lipid sources have been studied to improve performance and the fatty acid profile of milk fat in ruminants. Full-fat corn germ (FFCG) is pointed out as a potential lipid ingredient to improve performance and manipulate the fatty acid profile of milk from dairy cows. However, its effects are dependent on forage sources included in the diet. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing corn with FFCG in diets containing forage cactus and sugarcane bagasse on performance, nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, milk composition, and milk fatty acid profile of crossbred cows. It was hypothesized that replacing corn with FFCG in a basal diet containing forage cactus and sugarcane bagasse would promote productivity gains and enrich milk with CLA and other health-beneficial fatty acids beneficial without negative effects on nutrient intake and digestion. The experiment involved 10 multiparous Girolando cows (5/8 Holstein x 3/8 Gir), with an initial live weight of 500 ± 66 kg and lactation period of 90 ± 15 days. The cows were pre-adapted to the experimental conditions for 15 days and then distributed in two 5 x 5 Latin Squares. Each experimental period was composed of 21 days (14 days for adaptation to the experimental diets and 07 for data and sample collection), totalizing 105 days of experiment. The diets were formulated with “Orelha de Elefante Mexicana” cladodes, sugarcane bagasse and concentrate, in which corn was progressively replaced with FFCG (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of substitution). The following variables were analyzed: nutrient intake and digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen balance, and milk fatty acid profile. Full-fat corn germ improved (P < 0.05) milk production and synthesis of fat, lactose, and total solids in milk. Replacing corn with FFCG quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the intake of dry matter, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients, and linearly reduced (P < 0.05) the intake of total non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). Except for ether extract and NFC, FFCG did not alter (P > 0.05) nutrient digestibility. Adding FFCG to the diets reduced (P < 0.05) excretion of urea-N in milk and N excretion via urine. Furthermore, the substitution of corn for FFCG reduced (linearly or quadratically) the concentration of £C16 saturated fatty acids (FA, g/100 g of total FA), odd branched-chain FA, and C18:3 n-3 (as well as other n-3 FA) in milk fat. In contrast, there was a linear or quadratic increase in the proportion of long-chain fatty acids (³ C18), isomers of cis/trans C18:1 (except cis-11 C18:1), CLA isomers (especially cis-9, trans-11 CLA), C18:2 n-6 and other n-6 FA. These changes resulted in reduction in saturated FAs, an increase in mono- and polyunsaturated FAs (quadratic and linear effect, respectively), and a linear increase in the trans C18:1/C18:0, trans-11 C18:1/C18:0, and n-6:n-3 ratios. In addition, activity indices of the SCD-1 enzyme were reduced either linearly (SCD14, SCD16, and SCDCLA) or quadratically (SCD18) by increasing levels of FFCG in the diet. The results obtained indicate that substitution of corn by FFCG (up to 63.5%) can be a nutritional strategy to improve the production efficiency and fatty acid profile of milk fat from crossbred cows fed cactus cladodes. The use of sugarcane bagasse circumvents the deleterious effects of FFCG associated with milk fat depression. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2023-06-28T17:00:15Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2023-02-28 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
SILVA, Camila Sousa da. Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação. 2023. 79 f. Tese (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9162 |
identifier_str_mv |
SILVA, Camila Sousa da. Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação. 2023. 79 f. Tese (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife. |
url |
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9162 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.program.fl_str_mv |
-3881065194686295060 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 600 600 |
dc.relation.department.fl_str_mv |
-7685654150682972432 |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
1346858981270845602 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFRPE |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Departamento de Zootecnia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE instname:Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) instacron:UFRPE |
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Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) |
instacron_str |
UFRPE |
institution |
UFRPE |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/bitstream/tede2/9162/2/Camila+Sousa+da+Silva.pdf http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/bitstream/tede2/9162/1/license.txt |
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MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bdtd@ufrpe.br ||bdtd@ufrpe.br |
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1810102272704643072 |