Fetal programming in beef cattle: isotopic, metabolomic and phenotypic effects

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Schalch Junior, Fernando José
Data de Publicação: 2022
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Texto Completo: https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-28062023-085341/
Resumo: With the growing population, technological and productive advances are prerequisites for the supply of food to be able to meet the demand. In this context, approaches evaluating the prenatal nutritional effects on productive and reproductive performance, metabolism, meat production and muscle development in cattle have been studied in order to optimize the productive cycle of the species. Thus, this thesis aimed to evaluate the phenotypes, isotopic nitrogen fractionation and the blood plasma metabolome of cows and calves submitted to different prenatal nutritional stimuli. In order to carry out these experiments, 126 Nellore cows were used, which were divided equally into three different nutritional approaches during pregnancy (NP, PP and FP). The NP treatment (control) received only mineral supplementation (0.03% of body weight) throughout pregnancy; the PP treatment received mineral supplementation (0.03% of body weight) during the first and second third of pregnancy and protein-energy mineral supplementation during the final third of pregnancy (0.3% of body weight); and the FP treatment received protein-energy mineral supplementation (0.3% of body weight) throughout pregnancy. From calving, the treatments were stopped and all the animals (cows and calves) were submitted to the same environmental, nutritional and sanitary conditions. During the gestational period and after the calving, the phenotypes and blood samples of the cow-calf pair were collected to analyze the effects of the different nutritional strategies applied. In the first chapter, the evaluation of the phenotypic effects caused by prenatal nutrition in cows (body weight, body condition score, subcutaneous fat thickness) and in calves (body weight of males and females) was carried out. In this chapter it was possible to observe that nutrition altered body weight, body condition score and fat thickness of cows and had an influence on the weight of male calves at birth and over time. However, the different maternal stimuli had no effect on the body weight of female offspring. In chapter 2, the fractionation of nitrogen (15N/14N) in the blood plasma of 15 cows (randomly selected) was evaluated at the beginning, at the end of gestation and postpartum and in the progeny at 30 and 180 days of age. Initially, the cows did not show differences in the abundance of 15N, however, after receiving the different treatments, differences in the isotopic nitrogen fractionation were observed between the groups in the pre-calving and post-calving periods. At 30 days of age of calves, effects of prenatal nutrition on isotopic nitrogen levels were observed, but this was not repeated at 180 days of age. In the third chapter, the blood plasma metabolome of the dams at the beginning of pregnancy and prepartum, and the plasma metabolome of the calves at 30 days of age were evaluated. We found metabolic effects in cows in all analyzed collections and some metabolites differentially expressed in calves. In addition, we also found evidence of epigenetic effects related to histidine and beta-alanine metabolism. In short, this thesis brings new approaches and results to the field of prenatal nutrition in beef cattle, which can significantly contribute to the understanding of part of the phenotypic and molecular responses still discussed in the literature.
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spelling Fetal programming in beef cattle: isotopic, metabolomic and phenotypic effectsProgramação fetal em gado de corte: efeitos isotópicos, metabolômicos e fenotípicosBeef cattleFenótiposGado de corteIsótopos de nitrogênioMetabolômicaMetabolomicsNitrogen isotopesPhenotypesPrenatal supplementationProgênieProgenySuplementação pré-natalWith the growing population, technological and productive advances are prerequisites for the supply of food to be able to meet the demand. In this context, approaches evaluating the prenatal nutritional effects on productive and reproductive performance, metabolism, meat production and muscle development in cattle have been studied in order to optimize the productive cycle of the species. Thus, this thesis aimed to evaluate the phenotypes, isotopic nitrogen fractionation and the blood plasma metabolome of cows and calves submitted to different prenatal nutritional stimuli. In order to carry out these experiments, 126 Nellore cows were used, which were divided equally into three different nutritional approaches during pregnancy (NP, PP and FP). The NP treatment (control) received only mineral supplementation (0.03% of body weight) throughout pregnancy; the PP treatment received mineral supplementation (0.03% of body weight) during the first and second third of pregnancy and protein-energy mineral supplementation during the final third of pregnancy (0.3% of body weight); and the FP treatment received protein-energy mineral supplementation (0.3% of body weight) throughout pregnancy. From calving, the treatments were stopped and all the animals (cows and calves) were submitted to the same environmental, nutritional and sanitary conditions. During the gestational period and after the calving, the phenotypes and blood samples of the cow-calf pair were collected to analyze the effects of the different nutritional strategies applied. In the first chapter, the evaluation of the phenotypic effects caused by prenatal nutrition in cows (body weight, body condition score, subcutaneous fat thickness) and in calves (body weight of males and females) was carried out. In this chapter it was possible to observe that nutrition altered body weight, body condition score and fat thickness of cows and had an influence on the weight of male calves at birth and over time. However, the different maternal stimuli had no effect on the body weight of female offspring. In chapter 2, the fractionation of nitrogen (15N/14N) in the blood plasma of 15 cows (randomly selected) was evaluated at the beginning, at the end of gestation and postpartum and in the progeny at 30 and 180 days of age. Initially, the cows did not show differences in the abundance of 15N, however, after receiving the different treatments, differences in the isotopic nitrogen fractionation were observed between the groups in the pre-calving and post-calving periods. At 30 days of age of calves, effects of prenatal nutrition on isotopic nitrogen levels were observed, but this was not repeated at 180 days of age. In the third chapter, the blood plasma metabolome of the dams at the beginning of pregnancy and prepartum, and the plasma metabolome of the calves at 30 days of age were evaluated. We found metabolic effects in cows in all analyzed collections and some metabolites differentially expressed in calves. In addition, we also found evidence of epigenetic effects related to histidine and beta-alanine metabolism. In short, this thesis brings new approaches and results to the field of prenatal nutrition in beef cattle, which can significantly contribute to the understanding of part of the phenotypic and molecular responses still discussed in the literature.Com o crescente aumento populacional, os avanços tecnológicos e produtivos são pré-requisitos para que a oferta de alimentos consiga suprir a demanda. Neste contexto, abordagens avaliando os efeitos nutricionais pré-natais em bovinos sobre o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo, metabolismo, produção de carne e desenvolvimento muscular têm sido estudadas com o intuito de otimizar o ciclo produtivo da espécie. Dessa forma, esta dissertação teve por objetivo avaliar os fenótipos, fracionamento isotópico de nitrogênio e o metaboloma do plasma sanguíneo das vacas e bezerros submetidos à diferentes estímulos nutricionais pré-natais. Para a realização destes experimentos foram utilizadas 126 matrizes da raça Nelore que foram divididas igualmente em três diferentes abordagens nutricionais durante a gestação (NP, PP e FP). O tratamento NP (controle) recebeu apenas a suplementação mineral (0,03% do peso corporal) durante toda a gestação; o tratamento PP recebeu a suplementação mineral (0,03% do peso corporal) durante o primeiro e segundo terço da gestação e suplementação mineral proteico-energética durante o terço final da gestação (0,3% do peso corporal); e o tratamento FP recebeu a suplementação mineral proteico-energética (0,3% do peso corporal) durante toda a gestação. A partir do nascimento dos animais, os tratamentos foram cessados e todos os animais (vacas e bezerros) foram submetidos às mesmas condições ambientais, nutricionais e sanitárias. Durante o período gestacional e após o nascimento dos bezerros, os fenótipos e amostras de sangue do par vaca-bezerro foram coletados para analisar os efeitos das diferentes estratégias nutricionais aplicadas. No primeiro capítulo foi realizado a avaliação dos efeitos fenotípicos causados pela nutrição pré-natal nas vacas (peso corporal, escore de condição corporal, espessura de gordura subcutânea) e nos bezerros (peso corporal de machos e fêmeas). Neste capítulo foi possível observar que a nutrição alterou o peso corporal, escore de condição corporal e espessura de gordura das vacas e apresentou influência sobre o peso dos bezerros machos ao nascimento e ao longo do tempo. Entretanto, os diferentes estímulos maternais não tiveram efeito sobre o peso corporal das progênies fêmeas. No capítulo 2 foi avaliado o fracionamento de nitrogênio (15N/14N) no plasma sanguíneo de 15 vacas (selecionadas aleatoriamente) no início, no final da gestação e no pós-parto e da progênie aos 30 e 180 dias de idade. Inicialmente as vacas não apresentaram diferenças na abundância de 15N, entretanto após receberem os diferentes tratamentos foram observadas diferenças no fracionamento isotópico de nitrogênio entre os grupos no pré-parto e pós-parto. Aos 30 dias de idade dos bezerros foi observado efeitos da nutrição pré-natal sobre os níveis de nitrogênio isotópico, mas isso não se repetiu aos 180 dias de idade. No terceiro capítulo, foi avaliado o metaboloma do plasma sanguíneo das matrizes no início da gestação e no pré-parto, e o metaboloma plasmático dos bezerros aos 30 dias de idade. Encontramos efeitos metabólicos nas vacas em todas as coletas analisadas e alguns metabólitos diferencialmente expressos nos bezerros. Além disso, também encontramos indícios de efeitos epigenéticos relacionados ao metabolismo de histidina e de beta-alanina. Em suma, esta dissertação traz novas abordagens e resultados para o campo da nutrição pré-natal em gado de corte, o que pode contribuir significativamente para o entendimento de parte das respostas fenotípicas e moleculares ainda discutidas na literatura.Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USPSantana, Miguel Henrique de AlmeidaSaran Netto, ArlindoSchalch Junior, Fernando José2022-10-21info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttps://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-28062023-085341/reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USPinstname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USPLiberar o conteúdo para acesso público.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesseng2023-06-28T13:47:25Zoai:teses.usp.br:tde-28062023-085341Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.teses.usp.br/PUBhttp://www.teses.usp.br/cgi-bin/mtd2br.plvirginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.bropendoar:27212023-06-28T13:47:25Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Fetal programming in beef cattle: isotopic, metabolomic and phenotypic effects
Programação fetal em gado de corte: efeitos isotópicos, metabolômicos e fenotípicos
title Fetal programming in beef cattle: isotopic, metabolomic and phenotypic effects
spellingShingle Fetal programming in beef cattle: isotopic, metabolomic and phenotypic effects
Schalch Junior, Fernando José
Beef cattle
Fenótipos
Gado de corte
Isótopos de nitrogênio
Metabolômica
Metabolomics
Nitrogen isotopes
Phenotypes
Prenatal supplementation
Progênie
Progeny
Suplementação pré-natal
title_short Fetal programming in beef cattle: isotopic, metabolomic and phenotypic effects
title_full Fetal programming in beef cattle: isotopic, metabolomic and phenotypic effects
title_fullStr Fetal programming in beef cattle: isotopic, metabolomic and phenotypic effects
title_full_unstemmed Fetal programming in beef cattle: isotopic, metabolomic and phenotypic effects
title_sort Fetal programming in beef cattle: isotopic, metabolomic and phenotypic effects
author Schalch Junior, Fernando José
author_facet Schalch Junior, Fernando José
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Santana, Miguel Henrique de Almeida
Saran Netto, Arlindo
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Schalch Junior, Fernando José
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Beef cattle
Fenótipos
Gado de corte
Isótopos de nitrogênio
Metabolômica
Metabolomics
Nitrogen isotopes
Phenotypes
Prenatal supplementation
Progênie
Progeny
Suplementação pré-natal
topic Beef cattle
Fenótipos
Gado de corte
Isótopos de nitrogênio
Metabolômica
Metabolomics
Nitrogen isotopes
Phenotypes
Prenatal supplementation
Progênie
Progeny
Suplementação pré-natal
description With the growing population, technological and productive advances are prerequisites for the supply of food to be able to meet the demand. In this context, approaches evaluating the prenatal nutritional effects on productive and reproductive performance, metabolism, meat production and muscle development in cattle have been studied in order to optimize the productive cycle of the species. Thus, this thesis aimed to evaluate the phenotypes, isotopic nitrogen fractionation and the blood plasma metabolome of cows and calves submitted to different prenatal nutritional stimuli. In order to carry out these experiments, 126 Nellore cows were used, which were divided equally into three different nutritional approaches during pregnancy (NP, PP and FP). The NP treatment (control) received only mineral supplementation (0.03% of body weight) throughout pregnancy; the PP treatment received mineral supplementation (0.03% of body weight) during the first and second third of pregnancy and protein-energy mineral supplementation during the final third of pregnancy (0.3% of body weight); and the FP treatment received protein-energy mineral supplementation (0.3% of body weight) throughout pregnancy. From calving, the treatments were stopped and all the animals (cows and calves) were submitted to the same environmental, nutritional and sanitary conditions. During the gestational period and after the calving, the phenotypes and blood samples of the cow-calf pair were collected to analyze the effects of the different nutritional strategies applied. In the first chapter, the evaluation of the phenotypic effects caused by prenatal nutrition in cows (body weight, body condition score, subcutaneous fat thickness) and in calves (body weight of males and females) was carried out. In this chapter it was possible to observe that nutrition altered body weight, body condition score and fat thickness of cows and had an influence on the weight of male calves at birth and over time. However, the different maternal stimuli had no effect on the body weight of female offspring. In chapter 2, the fractionation of nitrogen (15N/14N) in the blood plasma of 15 cows (randomly selected) was evaluated at the beginning, at the end of gestation and postpartum and in the progeny at 30 and 180 days of age. Initially, the cows did not show differences in the abundance of 15N, however, after receiving the different treatments, differences in the isotopic nitrogen fractionation were observed between the groups in the pre-calving and post-calving periods. At 30 days of age of calves, effects of prenatal nutrition on isotopic nitrogen levels were observed, but this was not repeated at 180 days of age. In the third chapter, the blood plasma metabolome of the dams at the beginning of pregnancy and prepartum, and the plasma metabolome of the calves at 30 days of age were evaluated. We found metabolic effects in cows in all analyzed collections and some metabolites differentially expressed in calves. In addition, we also found evidence of epigenetic effects related to histidine and beta-alanine metabolism. In short, this thesis brings new approaches and results to the field of prenatal nutrition in beef cattle, which can significantly contribute to the understanding of part of the phenotypic and molecular responses still discussed in the literature.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-10-21
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
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dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-28062023-085341/
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dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público.
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público.
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.coverage.none.fl_str_mv
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
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reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
instname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
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instname_str Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
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institution USP
reponame_str Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
collection Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
repository.name.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv virginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.br
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