The role of cryptic developmental plasticity in the origination of new phenotypes

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Lofeu, Leandro
Data de Publicação: 2020
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Texto Completo: https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17136/tde-06082024-104430/
Resumo: Developmental modifications inducing a complex phenotype that until then did not exist in a given population or lineage (a new phenotype), is a central theme within evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-Devo). However, it remains unclear how much developmental processes facilitate, bias or even constrain diversification patterns among lineages. Especially considering that, given their multifactorial and multilayer nature, developmental mechanisms involved in the first induction of a phenotype are not necessarily the same ones later involved in its evolutionary fixation, maintenance and modification. This fact is clearly illustrated by evolutionary events driven by genetic accommodation of traits initially induced by environmental signals. Developmental plasticity has emerged in the theoretical literature as an important promoter of phenotypic diversification during evolution, however its frequency and relevance in such processes remains elusive. The present work consists in an investigation of the potential of developmental plasticity in inducing new phenotypes under particular environmental conditions, using the neotropical fish Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Anostomidae) as a model. In the first part of this work, experimental manipulations are performed combining different factors to create different developmental environments, followed by multivariate analyzes of phenotypes based on morphospace approach. The results demonstrate that cryptic developmental plasticity can quickly give rise to new head morphotypes, previously nonexistent in the ancestral population (fishery). Furthermore, phylogenetic multivariate analyzes show that plastic morphotypes also represent previously unoccupied regions in the Anostomidae morphospace, clearly representing an increase of phenotypic diversity in the group. In the second part, are investigated 3 internal processes underlying the expression of plastic morphotypes: i) patterns of head modularity by using correlation/covariance matrices, ii) mechanical stress on the condrocranium using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and, iii) the analysis of the differential expression of candidate genes by qPCR. Taken together, these 3 results suggest that starting from a conserved number of mechanisms and, under particular environmental contingencies, developmental plastic responses can promote broad diversification in morphospace by accommodating new and viable phenotypes.
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spelling The role of cryptic developmental plasticity in the origination of new phenotypesO papel da plasticidade críptica do desenvolvimento na origem de novos fenótiposCryptic plasticityDevelopmental plasticityMegaleporinus macrocephalusMegaleporinus macrocephalusMorfotiposMorphotypesNew phenotypesNovos fenótiposPlasticidade crípticaPlasticidade do desenvolvimentoDevelopmental modifications inducing a complex phenotype that until then did not exist in a given population or lineage (a new phenotype), is a central theme within evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-Devo). However, it remains unclear how much developmental processes facilitate, bias or even constrain diversification patterns among lineages. Especially considering that, given their multifactorial and multilayer nature, developmental mechanisms involved in the first induction of a phenotype are not necessarily the same ones later involved in its evolutionary fixation, maintenance and modification. This fact is clearly illustrated by evolutionary events driven by genetic accommodation of traits initially induced by environmental signals. Developmental plasticity has emerged in the theoretical literature as an important promoter of phenotypic diversification during evolution, however its frequency and relevance in such processes remains elusive. The present work consists in an investigation of the potential of developmental plasticity in inducing new phenotypes under particular environmental conditions, using the neotropical fish Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Anostomidae) as a model. In the first part of this work, experimental manipulations are performed combining different factors to create different developmental environments, followed by multivariate analyzes of phenotypes based on morphospace approach. The results demonstrate that cryptic developmental plasticity can quickly give rise to new head morphotypes, previously nonexistent in the ancestral population (fishery). Furthermore, phylogenetic multivariate analyzes show that plastic morphotypes also represent previously unoccupied regions in the Anostomidae morphospace, clearly representing an increase of phenotypic diversity in the group. In the second part, are investigated 3 internal processes underlying the expression of plastic morphotypes: i) patterns of head modularity by using correlation/covariance matrices, ii) mechanical stress on the condrocranium using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and, iii) the analysis of the differential expression of candidate genes by qPCR. Taken together, these 3 results suggest that starting from a conserved number of mechanisms and, under particular environmental contingencies, developmental plastic responses can promote broad diversification in morphospace by accommodating new and viable phenotypes.Modificações do desenvolvimento que resultam na origem de um fenótipo complexo que até então não existia em uma determinada população ou linhagem (um novo fenótipo), é um tema central dentro da biologia evolutiva do desenvolvimento (Evo-Devo). Contudo, permanece obscuro o quanto os processos de desenvolvimento facilitam, enviesam ou limitam os padrões de diversificação possíveis entre as linhagens. Especialmente considerando que, dado sua natureza multifatorial e multicamadas, os mecanismos de desenvolvimento envolvidos na primeira indução de um fenótipo não necessariamente são os mesmos posteriormente envolvidos em sua fixação, manutenção e modificação evolutiva. Tal fato é claramente ilustrado em eventos de evolução por acomodação genética de traços inicialmente induzidos por sinais ambientais. Plasticidade do desenvolvimento tem emergido na literatura teórica como um importante promotor de diversificação fenotípica durante a evolução, entretanto sua frequência e relevância em tais processos permanece em aberto. A presente tese é uma investigação do potencial da plasticidade do desenvolvimento em induzir novos fenótipos frente particular condições ambientais utilizando como modelo o peixe neotropical Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Anostomidae). Na primeira parte deste trabalho, são realizadas manipulações experimentais combinando diferentes fatores para criar distintos ambientes de desenvolvimento, seguidas por analises multivariadas dos fenótipos, baseadas em morfo-espaço. Os resultados demonstram que plasticidade críptica do desenvolvimento pode rapidamente dar origem a novos morfotipos de cabeça, previamente inexistentes na população ancestral (piscicultura). Além disso, analises multivariadas filogenéticas mostram que os morfotipos plásticos também representam regiões previamente não ocupadas no morfo-espaço de Anostomidae, claramente representando um aumentando de diversidade fenotípica no grupo. Na segunda parte, são investigados 3 processos internos subjacentes a expressão destes fenótipos: i) os padrões de modularidade da cabeça através de matrizes de correlação/covariação; ii) estresse mecânico sobre o condrocranium utilizando Analise de Elementos Finitos (FEA) e; iii) a análise da expressão diferencial de genes candidatos por qPCR. Em conjunto, estes 3 resultados sugerem que, partindo de um número conservado de mecanismos e sob contingências ambientais particulares, as respostas plásticas do desenvolvimento podem promover ampla diversificação no morfo-espaço por acomodar novos e viáveis fenótipos.Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USPBockmann, Flávio AlicinoKohlsdorf, TianaLofeu, Leandro2020-02-07info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttps://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17136/tde-06082024-104430/reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USPinstname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USPLiberar o conteúdo para acesso público.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesseng2024-08-06T14:00:02Zoai:teses.usp.br:tde-06082024-104430Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.teses.usp.br/PUBhttp://www.teses.usp.br/cgi-bin/mtd2br.plvirginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.bropendoar:27212024-08-06T14:00:02Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The role of cryptic developmental plasticity in the origination of new phenotypes
O papel da plasticidade críptica do desenvolvimento na origem de novos fenótipos
title The role of cryptic developmental plasticity in the origination of new phenotypes
spellingShingle The role of cryptic developmental plasticity in the origination of new phenotypes
Lofeu, Leandro
Cryptic plasticity
Developmental plasticity
Megaleporinus macrocephalus
Megaleporinus macrocephalus
Morfotipos
Morphotypes
New phenotypes
Novos fenótipos
Plasticidade críptica
Plasticidade do desenvolvimento
title_short The role of cryptic developmental plasticity in the origination of new phenotypes
title_full The role of cryptic developmental plasticity in the origination of new phenotypes
title_fullStr The role of cryptic developmental plasticity in the origination of new phenotypes
title_full_unstemmed The role of cryptic developmental plasticity in the origination of new phenotypes
title_sort The role of cryptic developmental plasticity in the origination of new phenotypes
author Lofeu, Leandro
author_facet Lofeu, Leandro
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Bockmann, Flávio Alicino
Kohlsdorf, Tiana
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Lofeu, Leandro
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Cryptic plasticity
Developmental plasticity
Megaleporinus macrocephalus
Megaleporinus macrocephalus
Morfotipos
Morphotypes
New phenotypes
Novos fenótipos
Plasticidade críptica
Plasticidade do desenvolvimento
topic Cryptic plasticity
Developmental plasticity
Megaleporinus macrocephalus
Megaleporinus macrocephalus
Morfotipos
Morphotypes
New phenotypes
Novos fenótipos
Plasticidade críptica
Plasticidade do desenvolvimento
description Developmental modifications inducing a complex phenotype that until then did not exist in a given population or lineage (a new phenotype), is a central theme within evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-Devo). However, it remains unclear how much developmental processes facilitate, bias or even constrain diversification patterns among lineages. Especially considering that, given their multifactorial and multilayer nature, developmental mechanisms involved in the first induction of a phenotype are not necessarily the same ones later involved in its evolutionary fixation, maintenance and modification. This fact is clearly illustrated by evolutionary events driven by genetic accommodation of traits initially induced by environmental signals. Developmental plasticity has emerged in the theoretical literature as an important promoter of phenotypic diversification during evolution, however its frequency and relevance in such processes remains elusive. The present work consists in an investigation of the potential of developmental plasticity in inducing new phenotypes under particular environmental conditions, using the neotropical fish Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Anostomidae) as a model. In the first part of this work, experimental manipulations are performed combining different factors to create different developmental environments, followed by multivariate analyzes of phenotypes based on morphospace approach. The results demonstrate that cryptic developmental plasticity can quickly give rise to new head morphotypes, previously nonexistent in the ancestral population (fishery). Furthermore, phylogenetic multivariate analyzes show that plastic morphotypes also represent previously unoccupied regions in the Anostomidae morphospace, clearly representing an increase of phenotypic diversity in the group. In the second part, are investigated 3 internal processes underlying the expression of plastic morphotypes: i) patterns of head modularity by using correlation/covariance matrices, ii) mechanical stress on the condrocranium using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and, iii) the analysis of the differential expression of candidate genes by qPCR. Taken together, these 3 results suggest that starting from a conserved number of mechanisms and, under particular environmental contingencies, developmental plastic responses can promote broad diversification in morphospace by accommodating new and viable phenotypes.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-02-07
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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language eng
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dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público.
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público.
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
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reponame_str Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP
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