Exploring ecomorphological patterns and the evolution of shape in Stomiiformes (Actinopterygii: Teleostei): a study of deep-sea fish adaptations
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
Texto Completo: | https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-07022024-124619/ |
Resumo: | Stomiiformes is a monophyletic and diverse group of mesopelagic and bathypelagic fishes that includes 457 valid species classified in 52 genera and five families, including bristlemouths, lightfishes, hatchetfishes, and dragonfishes and their allies. The objective of this study is to investigate the patterns of body shape and skull shape evolution among the stomiiforms using two- and three-dimensional geometric morphometrics in an ecological and phylogenetic context. For the body-shape investigation, a total of 473 specimens from 55 different species were photographed, then, fourteen homologous landmarks and 50 semilandmarks were defined on the digital images. For the skull-shape investigation, a total of 29 stomiiforms skull were scanned using a micro-CT scan tomograph, then 33 homologous landmarks were defined on the three-dimensional reconstructions. Morphometric data was submitted to principal component analysis (PCA), and to comparative methods (morphological disparity and Procrustes ANOVA) analysis to visualize differences in variance among stomiiform clades, dietary classes, depth, skull proportions and tooth traits, then, linked with a recent phylogeny and tested for phylogenetic signal. Overall, all stomiiforms clades vary in terms of skull and body shape, but morphological disparity was higher in dragonfishes (Stomiidae) and hatchetfishes (Sternoptychidae). Regarding body-shape, the main axis of total variation describes a transition from species with a midbody dorsal fin, long anal fin, and body fusiform or deep to species with the dorsal fin positioned more posteriorly on the body and parallel to a short anal fin, in an elongated body. Regarding skull shape, the main axis of total variation describes a transition from a deep skull to an elongated skull, and large jaws. There is a trend towards body elongation in relation to depth distribution, with the meso-bathypelagic species having more elongated bodies than those restricted to the mesopelagic zone. Also, piscivorous and generalist species exhibit higher morphological disparity regarding body-shape when compared to the zooplanktivorous ones. However, when phylogeny is accounted for the body-shape morphological disparity is not significative. In contrast, regarding only the skull, there was no significant correlation between skull shape and ecological traits, with or without the effect of phylogeny. Additionally, there was a significative and strong phylogenetic signal in both skull and body shape among stomiiforms, with closely related taxa tending to cluster together in the phylomorphospace, as a result of the shared evolutionary history, which is often interpreted as evolutionary or phylogenetic conservatism. This is the first study to quantitatively investigate changes in the body and skull shape of stomiiforms. Although stomiiforms have a remarkable morphological disparity in body and skull shapes, the shape evolution within the taxa is explained mostly by the phylogeny of the group, as a result of a shared ancestry pattern. Ecological traits, such as diet, ocean depth, and diel vertical migration are unlikely to play a major role in shaping the morphological evolution of stomiiforms. Another possible hypothesis is that the selected data was not able to detect the significance of ecology in the taxon sampling chosen here. |
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Exploring ecomorphological patterns and the evolution of shape in Stomiiformes (Actinopterygii: Teleostei): a study of deep-sea fish adaptationsExplorando padrões ecomorfológicos e a evolução da forma em Stomiiformes (Actinopterygii: Teleostei): um estudo de adaptações de peixes de águas profundasDisparidade morfológicaEcomorfologiaMorfometria geométricaPeixes-dragõesSinal filogenéticoStomiiformes is a monophyletic and diverse group of mesopelagic and bathypelagic fishes that includes 457 valid species classified in 52 genera and five families, including bristlemouths, lightfishes, hatchetfishes, and dragonfishes and their allies. The objective of this study is to investigate the patterns of body shape and skull shape evolution among the stomiiforms using two- and three-dimensional geometric morphometrics in an ecological and phylogenetic context. For the body-shape investigation, a total of 473 specimens from 55 different species were photographed, then, fourteen homologous landmarks and 50 semilandmarks were defined on the digital images. For the skull-shape investigation, a total of 29 stomiiforms skull were scanned using a micro-CT scan tomograph, then 33 homologous landmarks were defined on the three-dimensional reconstructions. Morphometric data was submitted to principal component analysis (PCA), and to comparative methods (morphological disparity and Procrustes ANOVA) analysis to visualize differences in variance among stomiiform clades, dietary classes, depth, skull proportions and tooth traits, then, linked with a recent phylogeny and tested for phylogenetic signal. Overall, all stomiiforms clades vary in terms of skull and body shape, but morphological disparity was higher in dragonfishes (Stomiidae) and hatchetfishes (Sternoptychidae). Regarding body-shape, the main axis of total variation describes a transition from species with a midbody dorsal fin, long anal fin, and body fusiform or deep to species with the dorsal fin positioned more posteriorly on the body and parallel to a short anal fin, in an elongated body. Regarding skull shape, the main axis of total variation describes a transition from a deep skull to an elongated skull, and large jaws. There is a trend towards body elongation in relation to depth distribution, with the meso-bathypelagic species having more elongated bodies than those restricted to the mesopelagic zone. Also, piscivorous and generalist species exhibit higher morphological disparity regarding body-shape when compared to the zooplanktivorous ones. However, when phylogeny is accounted for the body-shape morphological disparity is not significative. In contrast, regarding only the skull, there was no significant correlation between skull shape and ecological traits, with or without the effect of phylogeny. Additionally, there was a significative and strong phylogenetic signal in both skull and body shape among stomiiforms, with closely related taxa tending to cluster together in the phylomorphospace, as a result of the shared evolutionary history, which is often interpreted as evolutionary or phylogenetic conservatism. This is the first study to quantitatively investigate changes in the body and skull shape of stomiiforms. Although stomiiforms have a remarkable morphological disparity in body and skull shapes, the shape evolution within the taxa is explained mostly by the phylogeny of the group, as a result of a shared ancestry pattern. Ecological traits, such as diet, ocean depth, and diel vertical migration are unlikely to play a major role in shaping the morphological evolution of stomiiforms. Another possible hypothesis is that the selected data was not able to detect the significance of ecology in the taxon sampling chosen here.Stomiiformes é um grupo monofilético e diverso de peixes mesopelágicos e batipelágicos que inclui 457 espécies válidas classificadas em 52 gêneros e cinco famílias, incluindo os peixes- boca-de-cerda, os peixes-machadinha e os peixes-dragão. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar os padrões de evolução da forma do corpo e da forma do crânio entre os Stomiiformes usando morfometria geométrica em duas e três dimensões em um contexto ecológico e filogenético. Para a análise da forma do corpo, um total de 473 espécimes pertencentes a 55 espécies diferentes foram fotografados, e posteriormente, quatorze landmarks e 50 semilandmarks foram definidos nas imagens digitais. Para a investigação da forma do crânio, um total de 29 táxons de Stomiiformes foi escaneado usando um microtomógrafo, e posteriormente 33 landmarks foram marcados nas reconstruções tridimensionais. Os dados morfométricos foram submetidos à análise de componentes principais (PCA) e à análise de métodos comparativos (disparidade morfológica e ANOVA de Procrustes) para visualizar diferenças de variância entre clados, classes alimentares, profundidade, proporções cranianas e características dentárias, em seguida, relacionados com uma filogenia do grupo e testado quanto ao sinal filogenético. No geral, todos os clados de Stomiiformes variam em termos de formato do crânio e do corpo, mas a disparidade morfológica foi maior entre os peixes-dragão (Stomiidae) e peixes-machadinha (Sternoptychidae). Em relação à forma do corpo, os principais eixos da PCA descrevem uma transição de espécies com nadadeira dorsal no meio do corpo, nadadeira anal longa e corpo fusiforme ou alto para espécies com a nadadeira dorsal posicionada mais posteriormente no corpo e paralela a uma nadadeira anal curta, em um corpo alongado. Em relação à forma do crânio, o eixo principal de variação total descreve uma transição de um crânio alto para um crânio alongado e com maxilas grandes. Existe uma tendência de alongamento do corpo em relação à profundidade, com as espécies meso-batipelágicas apresentando corpos mais alongados do que aquelas restritas à zona mesopelágica. Além disso, as espécies piscívoras e generalistas exibem maior disparidade morfológica quanto à forma do corpo quando comparadas aos zooplanctívoros. No entanto, quando inserido a filogenia, a disparidade morfológica da forma do corpo não foi significativa. Em contraste, considerando apenas o crânio, não houve correlação significativa entre a forma do crânio e as características ecológicas, com ou sem a adição da filogenia. Além disso, houve um sinal filogenético significativo e forte na forma do crânio e do corpo entre os Stomiiformes, com táxons intimamente relacionados tendendo a se agrupar no filomorfoespaço, como resultado da história evolutiva compartilhada, que é frequentemente interpretada como conservadorismo evolutivo ou filogenético. Este é o primeiro estudo a investigar quantitativamente as mudanças no formato do corpo e do crânio dos Stomiiformes. Embora os Stomiiformes tenham uma notável disparidade morfológica nas formas do corpo e do crânio, a evolução da forma dentro dos táxons é explicada principalmente pela filogenia do grupo, como resultado de um padrão de ancestralidade compartilhado. É improvável que características ecológicas, como dieta, profundidade do oceano e migração vertical diária, desempenhem um papel importante na formação da evolução morfológica dos Stomiiformes. Outra hipótese possível é que os dados selecionados não tenham sido capazes de detectar a importância da ecologia na amostragem táxon aqui escolhida.Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USPCaires, Rodrigo AntunesMelo, Marcelo Roberto Souto deGomes, Amanda Alves2023-10-19info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttps://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-07022024-124619/reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USPinstname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP)instacron:USPLiberar o conteúdo para acesso público.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesseng2024-02-27T14:04:02Zoai:teses.usp.br:tde-07022024-124619Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://www.teses.usp.br/PUBhttp://www.teses.usp.br/cgi-bin/mtd2br.plvirginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.bropendoar:27212024-02-27T14:04:02Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Exploring ecomorphological patterns and the evolution of shape in Stomiiformes (Actinopterygii: Teleostei): a study of deep-sea fish adaptations Explorando padrões ecomorfológicos e a evolução da forma em Stomiiformes (Actinopterygii: Teleostei): um estudo de adaptações de peixes de águas profundas |
title |
Exploring ecomorphological patterns and the evolution of shape in Stomiiformes (Actinopterygii: Teleostei): a study of deep-sea fish adaptations |
spellingShingle |
Exploring ecomorphological patterns and the evolution of shape in Stomiiformes (Actinopterygii: Teleostei): a study of deep-sea fish adaptations Gomes, Amanda Alves Disparidade morfológica Ecomorfologia Morfometria geométrica Peixes-dragões Sinal filogenético |
title_short |
Exploring ecomorphological patterns and the evolution of shape in Stomiiformes (Actinopterygii: Teleostei): a study of deep-sea fish adaptations |
title_full |
Exploring ecomorphological patterns and the evolution of shape in Stomiiformes (Actinopterygii: Teleostei): a study of deep-sea fish adaptations |
title_fullStr |
Exploring ecomorphological patterns and the evolution of shape in Stomiiformes (Actinopterygii: Teleostei): a study of deep-sea fish adaptations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exploring ecomorphological patterns and the evolution of shape in Stomiiformes (Actinopterygii: Teleostei): a study of deep-sea fish adaptations |
title_sort |
Exploring ecomorphological patterns and the evolution of shape in Stomiiformes (Actinopterygii: Teleostei): a study of deep-sea fish adaptations |
author |
Gomes, Amanda Alves |
author_facet |
Gomes, Amanda Alves |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Caires, Rodrigo Antunes Melo, Marcelo Roberto Souto de |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Gomes, Amanda Alves |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Disparidade morfológica Ecomorfologia Morfometria geométrica Peixes-dragões Sinal filogenético |
topic |
Disparidade morfológica Ecomorfologia Morfometria geométrica Peixes-dragões Sinal filogenético |
description |
Stomiiformes is a monophyletic and diverse group of mesopelagic and bathypelagic fishes that includes 457 valid species classified in 52 genera and five families, including bristlemouths, lightfishes, hatchetfishes, and dragonfishes and their allies. The objective of this study is to investigate the patterns of body shape and skull shape evolution among the stomiiforms using two- and three-dimensional geometric morphometrics in an ecological and phylogenetic context. For the body-shape investigation, a total of 473 specimens from 55 different species were photographed, then, fourteen homologous landmarks and 50 semilandmarks were defined on the digital images. For the skull-shape investigation, a total of 29 stomiiforms skull were scanned using a micro-CT scan tomograph, then 33 homologous landmarks were defined on the three-dimensional reconstructions. Morphometric data was submitted to principal component analysis (PCA), and to comparative methods (morphological disparity and Procrustes ANOVA) analysis to visualize differences in variance among stomiiform clades, dietary classes, depth, skull proportions and tooth traits, then, linked with a recent phylogeny and tested for phylogenetic signal. Overall, all stomiiforms clades vary in terms of skull and body shape, but morphological disparity was higher in dragonfishes (Stomiidae) and hatchetfishes (Sternoptychidae). Regarding body-shape, the main axis of total variation describes a transition from species with a midbody dorsal fin, long anal fin, and body fusiform or deep to species with the dorsal fin positioned more posteriorly on the body and parallel to a short anal fin, in an elongated body. Regarding skull shape, the main axis of total variation describes a transition from a deep skull to an elongated skull, and large jaws. There is a trend towards body elongation in relation to depth distribution, with the meso-bathypelagic species having more elongated bodies than those restricted to the mesopelagic zone. Also, piscivorous and generalist species exhibit higher morphological disparity regarding body-shape when compared to the zooplanktivorous ones. However, when phylogeny is accounted for the body-shape morphological disparity is not significative. In contrast, regarding only the skull, there was no significant correlation between skull shape and ecological traits, with or without the effect of phylogeny. Additionally, there was a significative and strong phylogenetic signal in both skull and body shape among stomiiforms, with closely related taxa tending to cluster together in the phylomorphospace, as a result of the shared evolutionary history, which is often interpreted as evolutionary or phylogenetic conservatism. This is the first study to quantitatively investigate changes in the body and skull shape of stomiiforms. Although stomiiforms have a remarkable morphological disparity in body and skull shapes, the shape evolution within the taxa is explained mostly by the phylogeny of the group, as a result of a shared ancestry pattern. Ecological traits, such as diet, ocean depth, and diel vertical migration are unlikely to play a major role in shaping the morphological evolution of stomiiforms. Another possible hypothesis is that the selected data was not able to detect the significance of ecology in the taxon sampling chosen here. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-10-19 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-07022024-124619/ |
url |
https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-07022024-124619/ |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Liberar o conteúdo para acesso público. |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.coverage.none.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP instname:Universidade de São Paulo (USP) instacron:USP |
instname_str |
Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
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USP |
institution |
USP |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP - Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
virginia@if.usp.br|| atendimento@aguia.usp.br||virginia@if.usp.br |
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1809090471548420096 |