Impacto da introdução do glúten na dieta: prevenção e desenvolvimento da doença celíaca na primeira infância

• Autor(a) principal: Braganholo, Ana Paula Rodrigues da Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Outros Autores: Melo, Camila Mesquita de, Espírito Santo, Maria Lucia do
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório do Centro Universitário Braz Cubas
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/3745
• topic: Doença Celíaca; Dieta Livre de Glúten; Nutrição do Lactente; Nutrição da Criança; Saúde da Criança; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO

Introduction: The influence of the age of introduction of gluten in the diet during early childhood has been studied for the understanding of celiac disease and adoption of preventive measures of this autoimmune condition that affects about 1% of the world population. Objective: To understand the repercussions of the introduction of gluten in the diet of susceptible children, as well as risk factors, the diversity of signs and symptoms, the diagnostic process and the importance of nutritional therapy. Methods: This was a literature review of texts published between the years 2000 and 2021. A systematic search was performed covering journal articles indexed in the databases: Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs and the national and international health, obtaining 43 documents published in Brazil and in the world. Articles of greater relevance to the topic were selected and the analysis technique was defined a priori, based on the research objectives. Bibliographic Review: Celiac Disease is a multifactorial systemic autoimmune enteropathy that affects individuals genetically predisposed, characterized by a total or partial atrophy of the mucosa of the small intestine and its main trigger is the ingestion of gluten, a protein present in wheat, rye and barley. About 40% of the world's population is genetically susceptible, but only 1% develop it. Despite manifesting itself in any age, early childhood can impact physical, mental and cognitive of individuals. In order to elucidate the set of conditions that leads to its emergence at this stage of life, factors in addition to genetics and gluten intake, such as age of introduction of this protein in the diet, amount ingested, previous infections and microbiota has been the focus of several multicenter studies, with the aim of establish prevention strategies. Conclusion: The evolution of the diagnosis in children can lead to an increased incidence of celiac disease in this population, and understanding its triggering can lead to the adoption of measures to prevention and early diagnosis. The influence of the child's age at the time of introduction of gluten in the diet demonstrated that until then, this is not a condition relevant. There are indications that the amount ingested, infections and composition of the gut microbiome in this age group are involved in the pathogenesis of disease, which can cause nutritional deficiencies and impact weight gain and growth. The only known treatment is a gluten-free diet, which demands the involvement and support of the family, school, community and State. The monitoring by a specialized nutritionist is essential in conducting the therapy and nutritional education of the family and the patient. With the present review literature, it was observed that there are no official incidence data in Brazil, and that there are the need for more studies focused on the introduction of gluten in the diet and other environmental factors involved, as well as the impact of enteropathy in the first childhood.