Depressão: uma apresentação da sua evolução conceitual e formas de tratamento na perspectiva humanista

• Autor(a) principal: Burlamaqui , Carla Simone Aires Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório do Centro Universitário Braz Cubas
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/2307
• topic: Depressão; História; Psicologia humanista; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA

Depression is a mental disorder that can be inflicted upon anyone, regardless of culture or age. Its cause is multifactorial. Historically, it was understood through the lens of magic, superstitions and religion, however, we now perceive through a humanistic approach, with elements of biology, philosophy and psychology. There were many treatments according to each time period; in the 19th Century, Pinel fought for humanized therapy. In the 20th Century, the mental health practices were diverged into psychological and neurological analyses, by Freud and Kraepelin, respectively. In the DSM-5, depressive disorders are generally characterized by low mood, emptiness, somatic and cognitive alterations that lead to a decline in performance. Those afflicted by depression are typically treated with antidepressant medication, such as noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), 5-HT, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Currently, MRIs and genetics are helpful to our understanding. Against this background, Humanistic Psychology has objected the maculated conception of human nature and its potentialities. This school of thought believes in the human’s capacities and tendencies of growth in which they and the world coexist, influencing each other. The Humanistic Psychology schools we are about to explore in this term paper are the Person-Centred Psychotherapy and the Gestalt Therapy and their views on depression. They both recognize the idea of a whole organism, notwithstanding, they differ in some concepts like self-actualisation (Person-Centred Psychotherapy) and the self-regulating adjustment (Gestalt Therapy). The Person-Centred Psychotherapy brings to a focus on the therapist-client relationship, whereas the Gestalt Therapy relies on the contact between the client and their medium.