Essays on education and labor economics

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Brotherhood, Luiz Mário Martins
Data de Publicação: 2018
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital)
Texto Completo: https://hdl.handle.net/10438/24813
Resumo: Esta tese contém três artigos que investigam problemas relacionados à Economia do Trabalho, Desenvolvimento Econômico e Economia da Educação.
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spelling Brotherhood, Luiz Mário MartinsEscolas::EPGEBerriel, Cecília MachadoCosta, Carlos Eugênio Ellery Lustosa daCavalcanti, Tiago Vanderlei de VasconcelosMenezes Filho, Naércio AquinoSantos, Cézar Augusto Ramos2018-09-27T13:49:47Z2018-09-27T13:49:47Z2018https://hdl.handle.net/10438/24813Esta tese contém três artigos que investigam problemas relacionados à Economia do Trabalho, Desenvolvimento Econômico e Economia da Educação.This thesis contains three independent papers. Below follows a brief description of each article. The first article is given by a joint work with Bruno Delalibera, where we study the allocation of public expenditures across educational stages in a developing country. We construct a general equilibrium model that features heterogeneous agents, credit restrictions, basic and tertiary education, public and private educational institutions. We calibrate the model’s parameters using Brazilian data. Simulations show three of the model’s features. First, economic inequality is mainly explained through endogenous educational decisions, instead of exogenous ability shocks. Second, abolishing public educational institutions contracts GDP by 5.5%, decreases welfare of households in the first income quartile by 7%, and does not affect significantly the welfare of the remaining households. Third, borrowing constraints are tight for the poorest agents in the economy. In the main exercise, we find that reallocating public expenditures from tertiary towards basic education to mimic Denmark’s allocation of public expenditures across educational stages decreases GDP, aggregate welfare and the Gini coefficient by 1.5%, 0.2% and 2%, respectively. The second article is co-authored with Nezih Guner and Cezar Santos. We start by motivating with the fact that a large number of laborers in developing countries encounter poor working conditions. Corruption episodes related to labor inspections, some involving political figures, occur regularly in such environments. We investigate the effects federal deputy electoral results on labor inspections in firms that donate to electoral campaigns in Brazil from 2002 to 2014. To estimate a causal effect of electoral results on inspections, we use a regression discontinuity approach in close elections. We find no causal evidence that federal deputy electoral results affect variables related to labor inspections. This result is unchanged when we estimate heterogeneous effects as a function of labor inspection authorities’ position type, depending on which inspections can potentially be more or less influenced by political forces. Lastly, the third paper is co-authored with Pedro Cavalcanti Ferreira and Cezar Santos. We provide a new education quality index for states within a developing country using 2010 Brazilian data. This measure is constructed based on the notion that the financial returns obtained from an additional year of schooling can be seen as being derived from the value that market forces assign to this education. We use migrant data to estimate returns to schooling of individuals who studied in different states but who work in the same labor market. We find very heterogeneous educational qualities. In fact, Brazil displays cross-state educational quality variation almost as large as that observed across countries. We compare our index with standardized test scores, educational outcome variables, and public expenditure per schooling stage at the state level, producing new evidence related to education in a large developing country. We conduct an education quality-adjusted development accounting exercise for Brazilian states and find that human capital accounts for 26%-31% of output per worker differences. Adjusting for quality increases human capital’s explanatory power by 60%.engEducationEducational stagesPublic expendituresGeneral equilibriumEstágios educacionaisDespesas públicasEducaçãoEconomiaEconomiaEducaçãoInvestimentos na educaçãoTrabalhoEssays on education and labor economicsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis2018-04-16info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital)instname:Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV)instacron:FGVTEXTtext.pdf.txttext.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain101863https://repositorio.fgv.br/bitstreams/a37fb664-3731-4967-91df-a416495756fd/download4988d9dba58788fa81b3f667580ecd44MD55ORIGINALtext.pdftext.pdfPDFapplication/pdf4374841https://repositorio.fgv.br/bitstreams/e616a1bf-a41a-42bc-a7cb-6f2db211e2d0/download97a3a8e98d69137fec0ec7e1eaf02c52MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Essays on education and labor economics
title Essays on education and labor economics
spellingShingle Essays on education and labor economics
Brotherhood, Luiz Mário Martins
Education
Educational stages
Public expenditures
General equilibrium
Estágios educacionais
Despesas públicas
Educação
Economia
Economia
Educação
Investimentos na educação
Trabalho
title_short Essays on education and labor economics
title_full Essays on education and labor economics
title_fullStr Essays on education and labor economics
title_full_unstemmed Essays on education and labor economics
title_sort Essays on education and labor economics
author Brotherhood, Luiz Mário Martins
author_facet Brotherhood, Luiz Mário Martins
author_role author
dc.contributor.unidadefgv.por.fl_str_mv Escolas::EPGE
dc.contributor.member.none.fl_str_mv Berriel, Cecília Machado
Costa, Carlos Eugênio Ellery Lustosa da
Cavalcanti, Tiago Vanderlei de Vasconcelos
Menezes Filho, Naércio Aquino
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Brotherhood, Luiz Mário Martins
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Santos, Cézar Augusto Ramos
contributor_str_mv Santos, Cézar Augusto Ramos
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Education
Educational stages
Public expenditures
General equilibrium
topic Education
Educational stages
Public expenditures
General equilibrium
Estágios educacionais
Despesas públicas
Educação
Economia
Economia
Educação
Investimentos na educação
Trabalho
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Estágios educacionais
Despesas públicas
Educação
dc.subject.area.por.fl_str_mv Economia
dc.subject.bibliodata.por.fl_str_mv Economia
Educação
Investimentos na educação
Trabalho
description Esta tese contém três artigos que investigam problemas relacionados à Economia do Trabalho, Desenvolvimento Econômico e Economia da Educação.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2018-09-27T13:49:47Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2018-09-27T13:49:47Z
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2018
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url https://hdl.handle.net/10438/24813
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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