he spikes protocol in the communication of bad news in health: integrative review

• Autor(a) principal: Girardi, José Marcos
• Data de Publicação: 2024
• Outros Autores: Andrade, Beatriz Amélia Monteiro de, Leao , Flavio Rogerio de Carvalho, Protazio , Mairla Machado, Oliveira, Márcia Pedrosa de, Chaves , Cristianne Soares
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Revista Brasileira de Educação e Saúde
• Texto Completo: https://www.gvaa.com.br/revista/index.php/REBES/article/view/10218
• topic: Health communication; Truth disclosure; Empathy; Medical education; Bioethics; Comunicação em saúde; Revelação da verdade; Empatia; Educação médica; Bioética

Introduction: The health communication competence required for care is associated with better results and higher patient satisfaction rates, especially when professionals provide bad news, which negatively alters the patient's view of their future. The SPIKES protocol, carried out in a six-step, is a didactic approach related to cancer, but it has been used in several clinical scenarios, as in chronic-degenerative diseases and infertility, highlighting the patient's right not to know. Educational interventions seem effective in teaching learners how to deal with this competence. Objective: To identify the role of the SPIKES protocol in the communication of bad news in health. Methodology: Bibliographic search of articles in English or Portuguese conducted in August 2023 in the electronic databases of the health literature (MEDLINE and LILACS via BIREME, PUBMED, SciELO and SCOPUS), using the terms "communication in health", AND "breaking bad News" AND "SPIKES protocol", without limitation for the year of publication. Results: From 175 articles initially identified, 39 were selected, excluding those that did not attend the research, remaining 19 that supported the present review. The SPIKES protocol is valuable platform in diagnostic or prognostic development, whose communication models centered on patient preferences can result in improved treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Communicating bad news is a difficult task for healthcare professionals, for which medical education often offers little preparation, as communication skills are not an essential part of curricula. The SPIKES protocol provides clear and understandable message according to the needs and desires of patients.