Population prevalence of trachoma in nine rural non-indigenous evaluation units of Brazil

• Autor(a) principal: Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Outros Autores: Lopes, Maria de Fátima Costa, Souza Junior, Paulo Roberto Borges de, Gómez, Daniela Vaz Ferreira, Luna, Expedito José de Albuquerque, Almeida, Wanessa da Silva de, Damacena, Giseli Nogueira, Favacho, Joana da Felicidade Ribeiro, Frias, Paulo Germano de, Butcher, Robert, Boyd, Sarah, Bakhtiari, Ana, Willis, Rebecca, Jimenez, Cristina, Harding-Esch, Emma, Saboyá-Díaz, Martha Idalí, Solomon, Anthony W
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Digital do Instituto Evandro Chagas (Patuá)
• Texto Completo: https://patua.iec.gov.br/handle/iec/4467
• topic: Tracoma; Povos Indígenas; Saúde de Populações Indígenas; Prevalência

Purpose: To assess the contemporary prevalence of trachoma in Brazil’s non-indigenous population, surveys of those thought to be at greatest risk of disease were conducted. Methods: Rural census tracts of non-indigenous population from nine mesoregions were selected to compose the survey evaluation units (EUs) by considering previously endemic municipalities at greatest risk of trachoma. In each of the nine EUs, we conducted a population-based prevalence survey. Every resident of selected households aged ≥ 1 year was examined for trachomatous inflammation — follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT). Additionally, data were collected on household-level access to water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and education. Results: A total of 27,962 individuals were examined across nine EUs. The age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1–9-year-olds was <5% in each EU. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds was <0.2% in eight EUs; in one EU, it was 0.22%. The median number of households surveyed per EU with access to an improved drinking water source within a 30-minute roundtrip of the house was 66%. School attendance was >99% of surveyed children. Conclusions: The prevalence of TF was well below the target for elimination as a public health problem in all EUs. Because EUs surveyed were selected to represent the highest-risk nonindigenous areas of the country, TF prevalence is unlikely to be ≥5% in non-indigenous populations elsewhere. In one EU, the prevalence of TT was above the target threshold for elimination. Further investigation and possibly improvement in TT surgical provision are required in that EU.