Efeitos do treinamento f??sico aer??bio ou resistido em ratas ooforectomizadas diab??ticas: avalia????es morfofuncionais e de estresse oxidativo card??aco

• Autor(a) principal: Quinteiro, Hugo Rodrigo Garcia
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da Uninove
• Texto Completo: http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1150
• topic: treinamento f??sico aer??bio; diabetes; treinamento f??sico resistido; avalia????es morfom??tricas; estresse oxidativo card??aco; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes is significantly increased in women after menopause. Among the diabetes chronic complications stands out the cardiomyopathy, which greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. On the other hand, aerobic exercise training induced attenuation of cardiometabolic disorders that affect menopausal and/or diabetic women. However, studies comparing the effect of aerobic and resistance exercise training are scarce and controversial. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of exercise aerobic or resistance exercise training on cardiac morphometric, functional and oxidative stress parameters in rats undergoing ovarian hormones deprivation and diabetes. Female Wistar rats ( 200 - 220g ) were divided into a sedentary euglycemic control group (ES) and 3 ovariectomized (bilateral removal of the ovaries) and diabetic groups (streptozotocin, 50 mg/kg, iv), as follows: sedentary (DOS), underwent aerobic treadmill exercise training (DOTA) and underwent resistance ladder exercise training (DOTR). After 8 weeks of resistance or aerobic training, cardiac function and morphology were evaluated by echocardiography. Cardiac oxidative stress was evaluated by measurement of lipid peroxidation (QL), protein carbonyls, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and the glutathione redox balance. The diabetic group had lower body weight and higher blood glucose at the end of the protocol. The DOS group showed reduced physical capacity on the treadmill at the end of the protocol (vs. ES), which was not observed in DOTR group. The DOTA group had longer treadmill test compared to the other groups. At the maximum load test in ladder DOTR group showed additional gain as compared to other groups at the end of the protocol. Regarding cardiac morphometry evaluated by echocardiography, mass (LVM) and relative wall thickness (RWT) of the left ventricle (LV) were smaller and the LV cavity in diastole (LVDIA) was higher in the DOS group than in the ES. These changes were reversed in the trained groups. Systolic function, assessed by fractional shortening (FS) and velocity of circumferential shortening (VCF), was reduced in the DOS group when compared to ES, and such dysfunction was reversed only by aerobic training. The isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and deceleration time of E wave (Desac E) were increased in the DOS group, and again, only the aerobic training was able to reverse these diastolic dysfunction. The QL was increased in DOS group and decreased in both trained groups compared to the ES group. Carbonyls and CAT were increased in all diabetic groups compared to the ES group. The GPx was increased in group DOS (vs. ES), further increasing the DOTR group, and even higher in the DOTA group. SOD was increased in the DOS and DOTR groups (vs. ES), further increasing in the DOTA group. The redox balance was lower in the DOS group compared to the ES group, and this change was partially reversed in the trained groups. Correlation analyzes between the diabetic groups showed statistically significant positive correlation between: QL and carbonyls (r=0.63), QL and LVDIA (r=0.55), and redox balance and RWT (r=0.62); as well as statistical significant negative correlation between: VCF and Desac E (r=-0.65), QL and RWT (r=-0.60), redox balance and QL (r=-0.45), and redox ratio and carbonyls (r =-0.58). In conclusion, aerobic or resistance exercise training induced attenuation of cardiac morphometric dysfunctions associated with reduction in oxidative stress in an experimental model of diabetes and menopausa. However, only dynamic aerobic exercise training was able to attenuate the systolic and diastolic dysfunction in this condition.