Atuação de empresas militares de segurança privada no Iraque pós invasão norte-americana em 2003

• Autor(a) principal: Xavier, Gabriela Vieira
• Data de Publicação: 2024
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/41915
• topic: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::CIENCIA POLITICA::POLITICA INTERNACIONAL::RELACOES INTERNACIONAIS, BILATERAIS E MULTILATERAIS; Empresas militares de segurança privada; Segurança Internacional; Guerra do Iraque; Guerra ao terror; Mercado militar privado; Private military security companies; International security; Iraq war; War on terror; Private military market

With the end of the Cold War, the security vacuum that emerged in the international system with the defeat of the Soviet Union and the consolidation of neoliberal ideas in the 1990s led to an increasing presence of Private Military Security Companies (PMSCs) in the international system. The consolidation of the neoliberal wave of the 1990s promoted the strengthening and expansion of minimal state policies, including outsourcing and privatization practices - actions and companies that were previously concentrated in the public sector began to be privatized - providing opportunities for the private military security industry. In light of new wars and interventions carried out by the global North in the periphery of the international system, the role of PMSCs intensified even more in international conflicts post-9/11, particularly in the fight against terrorism. In Iraq, PMSCs played a fundamental role during the period of national reconstruction, sustaining American interests and presence in the country, such that the number of private agents exceeded the number of American Armed Forces soldiers. Following the success of private military security companies in Iraq, due to their cost-effectiveness and fluid, transactional market, the private military industry expanded globally. This expansion allows for the use and control of violence by non-state actors, leading to a reduction in the state's monopoly on the use of violence and blurring the lines between public and private spheres in security matters. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the PMSC market and its impacts on human rights and international law, emphasizing the role of PMSCs in Iraq as a key factor for the expansion of the private military security industry