Quando a fake vira news: uma análise das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista textual-discursivo
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/24607 |
Resumo: | To identify misinformation is not an easy assignment, considering they reaffirm political and ideological beliefs and positions, with technology as an ally they are shared by well-known people, which contributes to the real effect. This thesis, linked to the line of research Text and discourse in oral and written modalities, has as its theme the study of misinformation about vaccine, from a linguistic-discursive point of view. Thus, the general objective of this research is to contribute to the deepening of the study of fake news, with regard to its structural and linguistic aspects. Therefore, we list the following specific objectives: to present the concept of fake news, as well as other terms related to them and to mobilize concepts from different areas of the language sciences in order to verify their relationship with the process of constituting fake news; identify and describe and analyze the linguistic-discursive structures and strategies of fake news, evidencing its approximation with the news from the standard media. The research problem focuses on the following questions: To what extent are aspects of language sufficient to detect fake news? What linguistic-discursive strategies are used to build fake news so that it “feels” true? How are such strategies used for this purpose? In view of this, we start from two hypotheses: the first would be that the mode of organization and the linguisticdiscursive strategies used in the construction of fake news are close to the structure of the news genre and have the characteristics of traditional media; for this reason, they contribute to the spread and the reaffirmation of disinformation, giving it attributes of “truth”. The second hypothesis would be that the linguistic aspects, by themselves, are not effectively sufficient for the detection of fake news. The concept of disinformation adopted in this work is based on the postulates of Wardle (2017). Furthermore, to conceptualize the entire environment in which misinformation occurs, we started from the assumptions of Perosa (2017), Genesini (2018), Santaella (2018a, 2018b), Frias (2018), Ferrari (2018), Bucci (2018), Costa (2018). The theoretical foundation for Textual Linguistics is based on postulates based on studies by Fávero (1985a, 1985b, 2019); Ducrot (1987 [1084]); Van Dijk (1988); Alves Filho (2011); Fávero and Koch (2012 [1983], 2014 [1982]); Marcuschi (2002, 2014 [2008]); Costa Val (2004 [1991]); Bakthin (2011 [1992]); Antunes (2018) and Discourse Analysis, based on the postulates of Mussalim (2012); Charaudeau (2015). To compose the corpus of this research, we selected 14 misinformation about vaccine, more specifically those checked by the brazilian website named Health Without Fake News, from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The results of the analysis show that the misinformation are not produced specifically in proximity to the news genre; they have taken on proportions that permeate different genres. As for linguistic resources, they are important in producing disinformation, but, by themselves, they are not enough to detect disinformation, which is why the importance of media education |
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Fávero, Leonor Lopeshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2654409545516455http://lattes.cnpq.br/3492458641778969Ferreira, Marta Aparecida Paulo2022-02-22T12:55:54Z2022-02-22T12:55:54Z2021-08-18Ferreira, Marta Aparecida Paulo. Quando a fake vira news: uma análise das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista textual-discursivo. 2021. Tese (Doutorado em Língua Portuguesa) - Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2021.https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/24607To identify misinformation is not an easy assignment, considering they reaffirm political and ideological beliefs and positions, with technology as an ally they are shared by well-known people, which contributes to the real effect. This thesis, linked to the line of research Text and discourse in oral and written modalities, has as its theme the study of misinformation about vaccine, from a linguistic-discursive point of view. Thus, the general objective of this research is to contribute to the deepening of the study of fake news, with regard to its structural and linguistic aspects. Therefore, we list the following specific objectives: to present the concept of fake news, as well as other terms related to them and to mobilize concepts from different areas of the language sciences in order to verify their relationship with the process of constituting fake news; identify and describe and analyze the linguistic-discursive structures and strategies of fake news, evidencing its approximation with the news from the standard media. The research problem focuses on the following questions: To what extent are aspects of language sufficient to detect fake news? What linguistic-discursive strategies are used to build fake news so that it “feels” true? How are such strategies used for this purpose? In view of this, we start from two hypotheses: the first would be that the mode of organization and the linguisticdiscursive strategies used in the construction of fake news are close to the structure of the news genre and have the characteristics of traditional media; for this reason, they contribute to the spread and the reaffirmation of disinformation, giving it attributes of “truth”. The second hypothesis would be that the linguistic aspects, by themselves, are not effectively sufficient for the detection of fake news. The concept of disinformation adopted in this work is based on the postulates of Wardle (2017). Furthermore, to conceptualize the entire environment in which misinformation occurs, we started from the assumptions of Perosa (2017), Genesini (2018), Santaella (2018a, 2018b), Frias (2018), Ferrari (2018), Bucci (2018), Costa (2018). The theoretical foundation for Textual Linguistics is based on postulates based on studies by Fávero (1985a, 1985b, 2019); Ducrot (1987 [1084]); Van Dijk (1988); Alves Filho (2011); Fávero and Koch (2012 [1983], 2014 [1982]); Marcuschi (2002, 2014 [2008]); Costa Val (2004 [1991]); Bakthin (2011 [1992]); Antunes (2018) and Discourse Analysis, based on the postulates of Mussalim (2012); Charaudeau (2015). To compose the corpus of this research, we selected 14 misinformation about vaccine, more specifically those checked by the brazilian website named Health Without Fake News, from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The results of the analysis show that the misinformation are not produced specifically in proximity to the news genre; they have taken on proportions that permeate different genres. As for linguistic resources, they are important in producing disinformation, but, by themselves, they are not enough to detect disinformation, which is why the importance of media educationIdentificar as desinformações, não é tarefa fácil, visto que reafirmam crenças e posicionamentos políticos e ideológicos, com a tecnologia como aliada são compartilhadas por pessoas conhecidas, o que contribui para efeito de verdade. Esta tese, vinculada à linha de pesquisa Texto e discurso nas modalidades oral e escrita, tem como tema o estudo das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista linguístico-discursivo. Desse modo, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é contribuir para o aprofundamento do estudo das fake news, no que concerne aos seus aspectos estruturais e linguísticos. Para tanto, elencamos os seguintes objetivos específicos: apresentar o conceito de fake news, bem como de outros termos a elas relacionados e mobilizar conceitos de diferentes áreas das ciências da linguagem a fim de verificar a sua relação com o processo de constituição das fake news; identificar e descrever e analisar as estruturas e as estratégias linguístico-discursivas das fake news, evidenciando a sua aproximação com as notícias da mídia padrão. O problema de pesquisa concentra-se nos seguintes questionamentos: Em que medida os aspectos da linguagem bastam para detectar fake news? Quais estratégias linguístico-discursivas são utilizadas para construir as fake news para que elas “pareçam” verdade? Como tais estratégias são utilizadas visando a essa finalidade? Diante disso, parte-se de duas hipóteses: a primeira seria a de que o modo de organização e as estratégias linguísticodiscursivas utilizadas na construção das fake news se aproximam da estrutura do gênero notícia e têm as características da mídia tradicional; por essa razão, contribuem para a propagação e para a reafirmação da desinformação, conferindo-lhe atributos de “verdade”. A segunda seria a de que os aspectos linguísticos, por si sós, não são efetivamente suficientes para a detecção de fake news. O conceito de desinformação adotado neste trabalho tem como base os postulados de Wardle (2017). Ademais, para conceituar todo o ambiente em que as desinformações ocorrem, partiu-se dos pressupostos de Perosa (2017), Genesini (2018), Santaella (2018a, 2018b), Frias (2018), Ferrari (2018), Bucci (2018), Costa (2018). A fundamentação teórica referente à Linguística Textual baseia-se nos postulados a partir de estudos de Fávero (1985a, 1985b, 2019); Ducrot (1987 [1084]); Van Dijk (1988); Alves Filho (2011); Fávero e Koch (2012[1983], 2014 [1982]); Marcuschi (2002, 2014[2008]); Costa Val (2004[1991]); Bakthin (2011[1992]); Antunes (2018) e da Análise do discurso, com base nos postulados de Mussalim (2012); Charaudeau (2015). Para compor o corpus desta pesquisa, selecionamos 14 desinformações sobre vacina, mais especificamente as checadas pelo Portal Saúde Sem Fake News, do Ministério da Saúde. Os resultados da análise mostram que as desinformações não são produzidas especificamente em proximidade com o gênero notícia; elas tomaram proporções que permeiam diversos gêneros. Quanto aos recursos linguísticos, eles são importantes na produção de uma desinformação, mas, por si sós, não são suficientes para detectar uma desinformação, por isso a importância da educação midiáticaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPESporPontifícia Universidade Católica de São PauloPrograma de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua PortuguesaPUC-SPBrasilFaculdade de Filosofia, Comunicação, Letras e ArtesCNPQ::LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LETRAS::LINGUA PORTUGUESALinguística TextualAnálise do DiscursoFake NewsDesinformaçãoVacinaTextual LinguisticsDiscourse AnalysisFake NewsMisinformationVaccineQuando a fake vira news: uma análise das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista textual-discursivoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SPinstname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP)instacron:PUC_SPORIGINALMarta Aparecida Paulo Ferreira.pdfapplication/pdf2156298https://repositorio.pucsp.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/24607/1/Marta%20Aparecida%20Paulo%20Ferreira.pdfc122c7ba400da7e52da3a439202b1cb9MD51TEXTMarta Aparecida Paulo Ferreira.pdf.txtMarta Aparecida Paulo Ferreira.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain404288https://repositorio.pucsp.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/24607/2/Marta%20Aparecida%20Paulo%20Ferreira.pdf.txt167cefc78409e3b13561bb3e647a0d0cMD52THUMBNAILMarta Aparecida Paulo Ferreira.pdf.jpgMarta Aparecida Paulo Ferreira.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg1216https://repositorio.pucsp.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/24607/3/Marta%20Aparecida%20Paulo%20Ferreira.pdf.jpg39c192a8be668b4b32167d2a1d96f8c3MD53handle/246072022-02-23 01:05:36.883oai:repositorio.pucsp.br:handle/24607Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://sapientia.pucsp.br/https://sapientia.pucsp.br/oai/requestbngkatende@pucsp.br||rapassi@pucsp.bropendoar:2022-02-23T04:05:36Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP)false |
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Quando a fake vira news: uma análise das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista textual-discursivo |
title |
Quando a fake vira news: uma análise das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista textual-discursivo |
spellingShingle |
Quando a fake vira news: uma análise das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista textual-discursivo Ferreira, Marta Aparecida Paulo CNPQ::LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LETRAS::LINGUA PORTUGUESA Linguística Textual Análise do Discurso Fake News Desinformação Vacina Textual Linguistics Discourse Analysis Fake News Misinformation Vaccine |
title_short |
Quando a fake vira news: uma análise das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista textual-discursivo |
title_full |
Quando a fake vira news: uma análise das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista textual-discursivo |
title_fullStr |
Quando a fake vira news: uma análise das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista textual-discursivo |
title_full_unstemmed |
Quando a fake vira news: uma análise das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista textual-discursivo |
title_sort |
Quando a fake vira news: uma análise das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista textual-discursivo |
author |
Ferreira, Marta Aparecida Paulo |
author_facet |
Ferreira, Marta Aparecida Paulo |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Fávero, Leonor Lopes |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2654409545516455 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3492458641778969 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Ferreira, Marta Aparecida Paulo |
contributor_str_mv |
Fávero, Leonor Lopes |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LETRAS::LINGUA PORTUGUESA |
topic |
CNPQ::LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LETRAS::LINGUA PORTUGUESA Linguística Textual Análise do Discurso Fake News Desinformação Vacina Textual Linguistics Discourse Analysis Fake News Misinformation Vaccine |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Linguística Textual Análise do Discurso Fake News Desinformação Vacina |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Textual Linguistics Discourse Analysis Fake News Misinformation Vaccine |
description |
To identify misinformation is not an easy assignment, considering they reaffirm political and ideological beliefs and positions, with technology as an ally they are shared by well-known people, which contributes to the real effect. This thesis, linked to the line of research Text and discourse in oral and written modalities, has as its theme the study of misinformation about vaccine, from a linguistic-discursive point of view. Thus, the general objective of this research is to contribute to the deepening of the study of fake news, with regard to its structural and linguistic aspects. Therefore, we list the following specific objectives: to present the concept of fake news, as well as other terms related to them and to mobilize concepts from different areas of the language sciences in order to verify their relationship with the process of constituting fake news; identify and describe and analyze the linguistic-discursive structures and strategies of fake news, evidencing its approximation with the news from the standard media. The research problem focuses on the following questions: To what extent are aspects of language sufficient to detect fake news? What linguistic-discursive strategies are used to build fake news so that it “feels” true? How are such strategies used for this purpose? In view of this, we start from two hypotheses: the first would be that the mode of organization and the linguisticdiscursive strategies used in the construction of fake news are close to the structure of the news genre and have the characteristics of traditional media; for this reason, they contribute to the spread and the reaffirmation of disinformation, giving it attributes of “truth”. The second hypothesis would be that the linguistic aspects, by themselves, are not effectively sufficient for the detection of fake news. The concept of disinformation adopted in this work is based on the postulates of Wardle (2017). Furthermore, to conceptualize the entire environment in which misinformation occurs, we started from the assumptions of Perosa (2017), Genesini (2018), Santaella (2018a, 2018b), Frias (2018), Ferrari (2018), Bucci (2018), Costa (2018). The theoretical foundation for Textual Linguistics is based on postulates based on studies by Fávero (1985a, 1985b, 2019); Ducrot (1987 [1084]); Van Dijk (1988); Alves Filho (2011); Fávero and Koch (2012 [1983], 2014 [1982]); Marcuschi (2002, 2014 [2008]); Costa Val (2004 [1991]); Bakthin (2011 [1992]); Antunes (2018) and Discourse Analysis, based on the postulates of Mussalim (2012); Charaudeau (2015). To compose the corpus of this research, we selected 14 misinformation about vaccine, more specifically those checked by the brazilian website named Health Without Fake News, from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The results of the analysis show that the misinformation are not produced specifically in proximity to the news genre; they have taken on proportions that permeate different genres. As for linguistic resources, they are important in producing disinformation, but, by themselves, they are not enough to detect disinformation, which is why the importance of media education |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2021-08-18 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2022-02-22T12:55:54Z |
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2022-02-22T12:55:54Z |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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Ferreira, Marta Aparecida Paulo. Quando a fake vira news: uma análise das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista textual-discursivo. 2021. Tese (Doutorado em Língua Portuguesa) - Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2021. |
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https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/24607 |
identifier_str_mv |
Ferreira, Marta Aparecida Paulo. Quando a fake vira news: uma análise das desinformações sobre vacina, do ponto de vista textual-discursivo. 2021. Tese (Doutorado em Língua Portuguesa) - Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2021. |
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Faculdade de Filosofia, Comunicação, Letras e Artes |
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo |
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