Funções executivas e memória em idosos : um estudo sobre os efeitos de um treino cognitivo e repercussões na qualidade de vida

• Autor(a) principal: Lopes, Regina Maria Fernandes
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
• Texto Completo: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/902
• topic: PSICOLOGIA COGNITIVA; IDOSOS (PSICOLOGIA); IDOSOS - ATIVIDADES COGNITIVAS; QUALIDADE DE VIDA; PSICOLOGIA; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA

One of the hypotheses explaining the cognitive aging in the elderly states that age-related cognitive decline might be due to the decrease in functioning of the executive functions. Thus, non-pharmacological strategies have been used in order to lag the cognitive aging process, whereas Cognitive Training (CT) is one of them. The CT has the bias that exercising a particular function delevelops an overall improvement in the functioning. The objectives of this Thesis were to assess the effects of training of executive functions and memory in the elderly, comparing with the control group, and their effects on quality of life; Characterize elderly participants; Check if the cognitive performance linked to the executive functions and memory of the elderly who received cognitive training, compared to control seniors who did not participate in the training group, has had improvement. The studies were transformed and divided into three sessions, whereas the first was theoretical, a systematic literature review, aiming to create a mapping searching articles indexed at Lilacs, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Studies, that had specifically training of executive functions in the elderly, were related. These studies results reported the improvement that occurred after the skills training. In the second session, an empirical study entitled "Cognitive training in older adults and the effect on executive functions" was exposed in order to characterize the elderly, to measure the effects of CT, with emphasis on the executive function, comparing to a control group. It was a quantitative, almost experimental, correlational and comparative, with pre- and post-test and intervention, survey. There was a control group for comparison. The sample was comprised by 145 seniors. 83 seniors completed the survey, whereas 45 seniors were part of the Experimental Group (EG) and 38 elderly were part of the control group (CG). Instruments: sociodemographic Neuropsychological Interview; MMSE; GDS; BAI; Digits subtests, Vocabulary, Block Design, Code, Sequence Numbers and Symbols Search Letras- SNL and the WAIS-III; TMT; WCST; Rey Complex Figures; Sternberg paradigm; Verbal semantic fluency (animal) and phonemic (letters F, A, S), RVLT; Test Stroop Color and Word; Tasks go-no-go. The third session, an empirical article, entitled "Contributions training of executive functions in the perception of the quality of life of seniors", focused on examining whether there was an improvement in the perception of quality of life, comparing the assess results of two groups of elderly who participated in a executive functions training reasearch. The design was quantitative, quasi-experimental, correlational and comparative, with pre- and post-test and intervention. 145 individuals aged over 60 years were invited to enroll in the study. However, 83 seniors accepted to participate in the full survey and comprised the CG and the EG. The average age of the EG was 69.2 (SD = 6.1), the average of the CG was 68.3 (SD = 6.3). The research involved 16 people male participants (19.3%) and 67 female participants (80.73%). Instruments to measure quality of life: Short-WHOLQOL, WHOQOL-Old. The review survey results have showed improvement after the exercises. In intragroup comparisons, GE improved significantly after interventions, as shown by scores of GDS tools, RAVLT, FCR memory, OD Digits, Digits, Vocabulary. Seniors had improvement in their perceived quality of life