Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on-road externalities

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Lopes, Alexandra Fortes
Data de Publicação: 2022
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/36331
Resumo: The year 2020 was marked by the experience of a pandemic context, due to COVID-19. The rapid spread of this disease led to restrictive travel measures being implemented by all countries, causing traffic levels to decrease. In addition, the very perception of the risk of contagion led individual people to change their behaviours, impacting mobility patterns. These changes in the way people move had impacts on the environment, namely in terms of pollutant emissions and greenhouse gases. Besides air pollution, there are changes in externalities related to road safety and noise. Thus, it is essential to estimate how the pandemic affected these externalities and how to act in similar future situations. Thus, the dissertation aims to present an assessment of the mobility challenges and environmental impacts associated with the current pandemic situation, considering different European regions. A data-driven comparative analysis is carried out, based on several online mobility reporting platforms. Some mobility scenarios are defined, depending on the evolution of the pandemic situation in the regions. Traffic-related externalities and costs associated with accidents, air pollution, climate change and noise are estimated. The results suggest that indeed the level of restrictions imposed by the authorities in each city impact differently on people’s mobility levels. The estimated CO₂ and NOₓ emissions tend to decrease at times of more severe restrictions, as is the case in March 2020. With regard to estimated external costs, it can be seen that they follow the mobility and emission trends. For example, at the end of March 2020, total external costs decrease by 80 percent in Lisbon, 67 percent in Bucharest and 24 percent in Stockholm, compared to the beginning of the month. These changes demonstrate the pandemic’s impact on road externalities and the need to study them.
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spelling Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on-road externalitiesImpact on mobilityCoronavirusPollutants emissionsEnvironmental and social costsCOPERTThe year 2020 was marked by the experience of a pandemic context, due to COVID-19. The rapid spread of this disease led to restrictive travel measures being implemented by all countries, causing traffic levels to decrease. In addition, the very perception of the risk of contagion led individual people to change their behaviours, impacting mobility patterns. These changes in the way people move had impacts on the environment, namely in terms of pollutant emissions and greenhouse gases. Besides air pollution, there are changes in externalities related to road safety and noise. Thus, it is essential to estimate how the pandemic affected these externalities and how to act in similar future situations. Thus, the dissertation aims to present an assessment of the mobility challenges and environmental impacts associated with the current pandemic situation, considering different European regions. A data-driven comparative analysis is carried out, based on several online mobility reporting platforms. Some mobility scenarios are defined, depending on the evolution of the pandemic situation in the regions. Traffic-related externalities and costs associated with accidents, air pollution, climate change and noise are estimated. The results suggest that indeed the level of restrictions imposed by the authorities in each city impact differently on people’s mobility levels. The estimated CO₂ and NOₓ emissions tend to decrease at times of more severe restrictions, as is the case in March 2020. With regard to estimated external costs, it can be seen that they follow the mobility and emission trends. For example, at the end of March 2020, total external costs decrease by 80 percent in Lisbon, 67 percent in Bucharest and 24 percent in Stockholm, compared to the beginning of the month. These changes demonstrate the pandemic’s impact on road externalities and the need to study them.O ano de 2020 foi marcado pela vivência de um contexto pandémico, devido à COVID-19. A propagação rápida desta doença levou a que medidas restritivas à deslocação fossem implementadas por todos os países, fazendo com que os níveis de tráfego diminuíssem. Além disso, a própria perceção do risco de contágio levou a que as pessoas, individualmente, alterassem os seus comportamentos, impactando os padrões de mobilidade. Estas alterações na forma como as pessoas se deslocam teve impacto no ambiente, nomeadamente a nível de emissões de poluentes e gases efeito estufa. Além da poluição do ar, verificam-se alterações nas externalidades relacionadas com a segurança rodoviária e com o ruído. Desta forma, é essencial estimar a forma como a pandemia afetou estas externalidades e como se poderá agir em situações futuras semelhantes. Assim, a dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar uma avaliação dos desafios da mobilidade e dos impactos ambientais associados à atual situação pandémica, considerando diferentes regiões europeias. É realizada uma análise comparativa orientada por dados, com base em várias plataformas online de relatórios de mobilidade. Alguns cenários de mobilidade são definidos, consoante a evolução da situação pandémica das regiões. As externalidades relacionadas com o tráfego e os custos associados a acidentes, poluição do ar, alterações climáticas e ruído são estimadas. Os resultados sugerem que, de facto, o nível de restrições impostas pelas autoridades de cada cidade impactam de forma diferente os níveis de mobilidade das pessoas. As emissões de CO₂ e NOₓ estimadas tendem a decrescer em momentos de restrições mais severas, como ´e o caso de Março 2020. Relativamente aos custos externos estimados, verifica-se que acompanham as tendências de mobilidade e de emissões. Por exemplo, no final de Março 2020 os custos externos totais diminuem cerca de 80% em Lisboa, 67% em Bucareste e 24% em Estocolmo, em comparação com o início do mês. Estas alterações demostram o imacto da pandemia nas externalidades rodoviárias e a necessidade do seu estudo.2024-01-06T00:00:00Z2022-12-06T00:00:00Z2022-12-06info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10773/36331engLopes, Alexandra Fortesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-02-22T12:10:08Zoai:ria.ua.pt:10773/36331Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T03:07:12.369561Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on-road externalities
title Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on-road externalities
spellingShingle Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on-road externalities
Lopes, Alexandra Fortes
Impact on mobility
Coronavirus
Pollutants emissions
Environmental and social costs
COPERT
title_short Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on-road externalities
title_full Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on-road externalities
title_fullStr Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on-road externalities
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on-road externalities
title_sort Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on-road externalities
author Lopes, Alexandra Fortes
author_facet Lopes, Alexandra Fortes
author_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Lopes, Alexandra Fortes
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Impact on mobility
Coronavirus
Pollutants emissions
Environmental and social costs
COPERT
topic Impact on mobility
Coronavirus
Pollutants emissions
Environmental and social costs
COPERT
description The year 2020 was marked by the experience of a pandemic context, due to COVID-19. The rapid spread of this disease led to restrictive travel measures being implemented by all countries, causing traffic levels to decrease. In addition, the very perception of the risk of contagion led individual people to change their behaviours, impacting mobility patterns. These changes in the way people move had impacts on the environment, namely in terms of pollutant emissions and greenhouse gases. Besides air pollution, there are changes in externalities related to road safety and noise. Thus, it is essential to estimate how the pandemic affected these externalities and how to act in similar future situations. Thus, the dissertation aims to present an assessment of the mobility challenges and environmental impacts associated with the current pandemic situation, considering different European regions. A data-driven comparative analysis is carried out, based on several online mobility reporting platforms. Some mobility scenarios are defined, depending on the evolution of the pandemic situation in the regions. Traffic-related externalities and costs associated with accidents, air pollution, climate change and noise are estimated. The results suggest that indeed the level of restrictions imposed by the authorities in each city impact differently on people’s mobility levels. The estimated CO₂ and NOₓ emissions tend to decrease at times of more severe restrictions, as is the case in March 2020. With regard to estimated external costs, it can be seen that they follow the mobility and emission trends. For example, at the end of March 2020, total external costs decrease by 80 percent in Lisbon, 67 percent in Bucharest and 24 percent in Stockholm, compared to the beginning of the month. These changes demonstrate the pandemic’s impact on road externalities and the need to study them.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-12-06T00:00:00Z
2022-12-06
2024-01-06T00:00:00Z
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