Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study

• Autor(a) principal: Gelfand, Michele J.
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Outros Autores: Raver, Jana L., Nishii, Lisa, Leslie, Lisa M., Lun, Janetta, Lim, Beng Chong, Duan, Lili, Almaliach, Assaf, Ang, Soon, Arnadottir, Jakobina, Aycan, Zeynep, Boehnke, Klaus, Boski, Pawel, Cabecinhas, Rosa, Chan, Darius, Chhokar, Jagdeep, D’Amato, Alessia, Ferrer, Montse, Fischlmayr, Iris C., Fischer, Ronald, Fulop, Marta, Georgas, James, Kashima, Emiko S., Kashima, Yoshishima, Kim, Kibum, Lempereur, Alain, Marquez, Patricia, Othman, Rozhan, Overlaet, Bert, Panagiotopoulou, Penny, Peltzer, Karl, Perez-Florizno, Lorena R., Ponomarenko, Larisa, Realo, Anu, Schei, Vidar, Schmitt, Manfred, Smith, Peter B., Soomro, Nazar, Szabo, Erna, Taveesin, Nalinee, Toyama, Midori, Vliert, Evert van de, Vohra, Naharika, Ward, Colleen, Yamaguchi, Susumu
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: https://hdl.handle.net/1822/16159
• topic: Cultural diversity; Social norms; Tightness-looseness; Science & Technology

With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention self-guides, high regulatory strength, need for structure). This research advances knowledge that can foster cross-cultural understanding in a world of increasing global interdependence and has implications for modeling cultural change.